9.4. Boot Camps/Shock Incarceration

What is another name for the intermediate sanction known as boot camps?

In which decade and U.S. state were boot camps, or shock incarceration facilities, first developed?

What is the fundamental goal of boot camp programs as described in the text?

The design and philosophy of boot camps are based on what specific ideal?

What is the general finding regarding the effectiveness of boot camps in achieving their goal of reducing recidivism?

What concept is used in the text to explain the popularity and flourishing of boot camps in the 1980s and 1990s?

For which specific group of individuals can the structure and discipline provided by boot camps be considered advantageous?

What is identified as the first and primary reason for the failure of boot camps to reduce recidivism?

What is the negative outcome of having lower admission requirements that lead to 'lumping' diverse offenders together in boot camps?

What do boot camps problematically emphasize over behavioral change, leading to a failure to reduce aggressive behavior?

What two core values did the militaristic ideal of boot camps aim to teach participants through regimens of strict physical exercise?

During which two decades did boot camps flourish as a form of intermediate sanction?

What is the primary method used in boot camps to alter individuals, stemming from their militaristic design?

What was the intended purpose of the 'shock' effect associated with boot camp or shock incarceration facilities?

Under what condition do reductions in recidivism generally fail to appear among boot camp participants?

The ineffectiveness of boot camps is partly because they fail to address what specific type of needs in offenders?

What is the second reason cited in the text for the failure of boot camps, related to their admission process?

What specific negative behavior does the text state is generally not reduced by the boot camp's emphasis on physicality over behavioral change?

What type of scientific review recently confirmed the finding that boot camps' emphasis on physicality does not reduce aggressive behavior?

What was the initial target population for boot camps when they were developed in the 1980s?

How is the concept of 'face validity' explained within the context of boot camps?

The text states that boot camps generally fail to produce reductions in recidivism when what condition related to participant composition exists?

The text mentions that boot camps have lower admission requirements. What is the direct consequence of this policy?

The failure of boot camps to reduce recidivism is directly attributed to their failure to address what type of needs?

The mixing of high-risk and low-risk offenders in boot camps leads to what negative outcome for the low-risk individuals?

According to the text, a recent meta-analysis found that boot camps' emphasis on physicality over behavioral change fails to reduce what specific problem?

Which of the following is NOT listed as a reason why boot camps fail to reduce recidivism?

The text contrasts the boot camp's emphasis on physicality with what other, more desirable, type of change?

The mixing of offenders with differing levels of what four antisocial characteristics is identified as a major problem in boot camps?

What is the direct consequence when a correctional program, such as a boot camp, fails to address criminogenic needs?

What is the ultimate effect on low-risk offenders when they are placed in a 'cohesive group' with high-risk offenders?

What type of effect were boot camps intended to have on individuals, according to the text?

What is the core teaching method employed by boot camps, which is derived from their militaristic design?

Boot camps are based on the idea that physical change will lead to a reduction in what specific outcome?

The text states that the popularity of boot camps was based more on their perceived logic ('face validity') than on what?

What term does the text use to describe a study of studies, which found that boot camps are not effective at reducing aggressive behavior?

Why does mixing offenders with different levels of antisocial temperament and personality in boot camps lead to poor outcomes?

The text states that boot camps were developed as a form of what larger category of punishment options?

What term from the text describes a situation where an intervention's apparent logic and appeal outweigh its proven effectiveness?

The structure and discipline of boot camps are noted to be advantageous only for what type of individual?

Why does the practice of 'lumping' offenders together in boot camps undermine efforts to reduce recidivism?

The failure of boot camps to reduce aggressive behavior is linked to their failure to address what underlying issue?

What is the primary flaw in the boot camp model's logic, according to the three reasons for failure provided in the text?

The text implies that the perceived effectiveness of boot camps, or their 'face validity,' is based on what common but flawed assumption?

The 'cohesive group' that forms when high-risk and low-risk offenders are placed together is problematic because it facilitates what?

What key component of effective rehabilitation is specifically mentioned as being 'often not addressed' within boot camps?

The text explains that boot camps generally fail to reduce recidivism. This overall failure is attributed to a combination of factors, beginning with which primary omission?

What does the text identify as a consequence of the lower admission requirements found in many boot camp programs?

The emphasis on physicality in boot camps is criticized for generally failing to reduce what specific type of behavior, which is linked to antisocial personality?

According to the text, what is the primary reason that a regimen of strict physical exercise in boot camps fails to produce lasting behavioral change?