6.7. Police Misconduct, Accountability, and Corruption

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Questions

Question 1

According to the Bureau of Justice statistics cited in the chapter, what percentage of police officers in the U.S. are reported to engage in some type of corruption?

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Question 2

Which term describes police officers who accept benefits like free coffee or discounted meals, but do not actively seek them out?

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Question 3

The terms 'meat eaters' and 'grass eaters' were coined by which commission in 1970?

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Question 4

What type of police corruption is described as being more commonplace than others, where an officer's actions are motivated by a desire to achieve a perceived greater good?

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Question 5

In the 'Slippery-Slope Model of Noble-Cause Corruption', what is the first step that a training officer might introduce to a new officer?

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Question 6

What is the primary characteristic of a 'meat eater' officer?

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Question 7

Within the 'Slippery-Slope Model,' what is the primary purpose of the 'Mama Rosa' step, which involves accepting free meals?

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Question 8

According to the 'Slippery-Slope Model of Noble-Cause Corruption', what does the practice of 'dropsy' entail?

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Question 9

What is the final stage of the 'Slippery-Slope Model' that emerges over time, where officers begin to view their own actions as inherently right?

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Question 10

Why might a police department's response of 'no comment' to the media after an incident be misinterpreted by the public?

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Question 11

What is the primary motivation for an officer who is a 'grass eater'?

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Question 12

According to the text, what is a potential consequence of a 'grass eater' accepting a free coffee from a coffee shop owner?

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Question 13

An officer who steals a pound of cocaine from a drug raid, believing that 'no one would notice,' is an example of what type of corrupt officer?

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Question 14

In the context of the 'Slippery-Slope Model,' what is the purpose of a TO (training officer) telling a rookie to 'forget everything you learned in training'?

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Question 15

Which action is listed as part of the 'Loyalty Back-up' stage in the 'Slippery-Slope Model of Noble-Cause Corruption'?

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Question 16

The chapter suggests that the media's focus on law enforcement is more dramatic than on other professions primarily due to what factor?

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Question 17

What is the 'noble-cause' in noble-cause corruption?

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Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a 'Routine NC (Noble-Cause) Action Against Citizens' from the slippery-slope model?

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Question 19

The ultimate belief that emerges from the slippery slope of noble-cause corruption is described by the text as what?

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Question 20

What fundamental power of a police officer is mentioned at the beginning of the chapter as being a 'tremendous amount of power'?

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Question 21

How does the chapter characterize the media's portrayal of police officer corruption?

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Question 22

The text states that in addition to the power to take freedom, an officer is also given the authority to do what for protection?

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Question 23

What is the primary reason the text gives for why a member of the public cannot truly understand why an officer acted a certain way?

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Question 24

An officer demanding a 'shakedown' of money to ensure a convenience store is not robbed is a clear example of which type of officer?

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Question 25

What does the text suggest is the relationship between noble-cause corruption and traditional theft or bribery by police?

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Question 26

In the 'Slippery-Slope Model,' what is the 'shake' that is mentioned as being similar to 'dropsy'?

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Question 27

What is the final outcome of the 'Slippery-Slope Model' regarding an officer's behavior, as exemplified by the Rampart CRASH unit?

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Question 28

Why does a 'grass eater' accepting benefits create an unfair situation for other local businesses?

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Question 29

The belief that 'if a person has the lifelong goal of being a police officer, then that same person will want to protect the innocent' is used to contrast with the mindset of which type of officer?

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Question 30

What is 'stiffing-in a call' as mentioned in the 'Loyalty Back-up' stage of the corruption model?

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Question 31

The old adage 'power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely' is used to explain the practical outcome of what belief?

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Question 32

According to the chapter, why is the reaction to police corruption often 'swift and stern'?

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Question 33

Which of the following is NOT listed as a 'Routine NC (Noble-Cause) Action Against Citizens' in the slippery-slope model?

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Question 34

The text states that every officer can start out wanting to save the world, but what happens when the 'real-world job of an officer starts to take hold'?

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Question 35

What is the key difference in motivation between a 'meat eater' and a 'noble-cause corruptor'?

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Question 36

Why does the text claim that 'Noble-cause corruption is a lot more commonplace then many think'?

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Question 37

The phrase 'it takes two-years to basically train a new police officer' is used to emphasize what point?

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Question 38

What does the 'Slippery-Slope Model of Noble-Cause Corruption' ultimately demonstrate?

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Question 39

The term 'grass eater' implies a form of corruption that is primarily what?

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Question 40

What is the key element that makes an action 'noble-cause corruption' instead of simple misconduct?

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Question 41

Which stage of the 'Slippery-Slope Model' is most focused on establishing loyalty through actions rather than just words or gestures?

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Question 42

The text implies that the badge of a law enforcement officer should 'NEVER be taken for granted' because of what?

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Question 43

What type of corrupt act would 'using magic pencil skills to increase penalties by shifting the crime upwards' be classified as?

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Question 44

According to the chapter, why do media stories about police shootings or corruption often lack complete information initially?

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Question 45

Which form of corruption is said to have the goal of establishing loyalty within a police squad?

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Question 46

An officer conducting an illegal search of a 'vulnerable citizen' because they believe the person is a criminal who needs to be stopped is an example of what?

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Question 47

What is the text's conclusion about corruption in law enforcement compared to other professions?

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Question 48

What does the text suggest is the main purpose of the acts described in the 'Loyalty Back-up' stage of the corruption model?

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Question 49

The citation 'Caldero, M. A., Dailey, J. D., & Withrow, B. L. (2018). Police Ethics: The Corruption of Noble Cause' likely provides more information on which topic?

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Question 50

The slippery slope toward noble-cause corruption begins with a focus on what?

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Other chapters

1.1. Crime and the Criminal Justice System1.2. Deviance, Rule Violations, and Criminality1.3. Social Norms: Folkways, Mores, Taboo, and Laws1.4. Interactionist View1.5. Consensus View and Decriminalizing Laws1.6. Conflict View1.7. The Three C's: Cops, Courts, and Corrections1.8. The Crime Control and Due Process Models1.9. How Cases Move Through the System1.10. Media Coverage of Crimes1.11. Wedding Cake Model of Justice1.12. Street Crime, Corporate Crime, and White-Collar Crime1.13. Different Types of Crimes and Offenses1.14. Victims and Victim Typologies1.15. Victim Rights and Assistance1.16. "Spare the Rod, Spoil the Child" Myth/Controversy2.1. Dark or Hidden Figure of Crime2.2. Official Statistics2.3. Victimization Studies2.4. Self-Report Statistics2.5. Misusing Statistics3.1. Functions and Limitations of Law3.2. Civil, Criminal, and Moral Wrongs3.3. Sources of Criminal Law: Federal and State Constitutions3.4. Sources of Criminal Law: Statutes, Ordinances, and Other Legislative Enactments3.5. Sources of Law: Administrative Law, Common Law, Case Law and Court Rules3.6. Classifications of Law3.7. Substantive Law: Defining Crimes, Inchoate Liability, Accomplice Liability, and Defenses3.8. Substantive Law: Punishment: Incarceration and Confinement Sanctions3.9. Substantive Law: Physical Punishment Sentences3.10. Substantive Law: Monetary Punishment Sentences3.11. Substantive Law: Community-Based Sentences3.12. Procedural Law4.1. Importance of Policy in Criminal Justice4.2. The Myth of Moral Panics4.3. The Stages of Policy Development4.4. Importance of Evidence Based Practices4.5. Re-Evaluating Policy5.1. What is Theory?5.2. What Makes a Good Theory?5.3. Pre-Classical Theory5.4. Classical School5.5. Neoclassical5.6. Positivist Criminology5.7. Biological and Psychological Positivism5.8. The Chicago School5.9. Strain Theories5.10. Learning Theories5.11. Control Theories5.12. Other Criminological Theories6.1. Policing in Ancient Times6.2. Sir Robert Peel6.3. Policing Eras6.4. Levels of Policing and Role of Police6.5. Recruitment and Hiring in Policing6.6. Recruitment and Hiring Websites for Future Careers6.8. Current Issues: Police Shootings6.9. Current Issues: Use of Force and Vehicle Pursuits6.10. Current Issues: Stereotypes in Policing6.11. Current Issues: Accountability6.12. Current Issues: Internal Affairs and Discipline6.13.Current Issues: Body Cameras6.14. Myth: “Police Only Write Speeding Tickets to Harass Citizens and it is Entrapment.”7.1. Introduction to the U.S. Court System7.2. Jurisdiction7.3. Structure of the Courts: The Dual Court and Federal Court System7.4. Structure of the Courts: State Courts7.5. American Trial Courts and the Principle of Orality7.6. The Appeals Process, Standard of Review, and Appellate Decisions7.7. Federal Appellate Review of State Cases7.8. Courtroom Players: Judges and Court Staff7.9. Courtroom Players: Prosecutors7.10. Courtroom Workgroup: Defense Attorneys8.1. A Brief History of The Philosophies of Punishment8.2. Retribution8.3. Deterrence8.4. Incapacitation8.5. Rehabilitation8.6. Prisons and Jails8.7. A Brief History of Prisons and Jails8.8. Types of Jails8.9. Who Goes to Jail?8.10. Growth of Prisons in the United States8.11. Types of Prisons8.12. Prison Levels8.13. Who Goes to Prison?9.1. Diversion9.2. Intermediate Sanctions9.3. Probation9.4. Boot Camps/Shock Incarceration9.5. Drug Courts9.6. Halfway Houses9.8. House Arrest9.9. Community Residential Facilities9.10. Restorative Justice9.11. Parole9.12. Current Issues in Corrections9.13. Current Issues in Corrections: Mass Incarceration9.14. Current Issues in Corrections: War on Drugs and Gangs9.15. Current Issues in Corrections: Aging and Overcrowding9.16. Current Issues in Corrections: Reentry and the Future of Corrections10.1. Youth Crime10.2. Juvenile Justice10.3. History of the Juvenile Justice System10.4. Delinquency10.5. Juvenile Justice Process10.6. Due Process in the Juvenile Court10.7. The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 197410.8. Getting Tough: Initiatives for Punishment and Accountability10.9. Returning to Rehabilitation in the Contemporary Juvenile Justice System10.10. The Structure of the Juvenile Justice System10.11. Juvenile InstitutionsGlossary