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Questions

Question 1

According to the interactionist view, what does the definition of crime primarily reflect?

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Question 2

Who coined the phrase 'moral entrepreneur'?

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Question 3

What is the primary characteristic of a 'moral entrepreneur' as described by Howard Becker?

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Question 4

What does it mean for an act to become 'criminalized'?

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Question 5

In what decade did auto groups aggressively fight to redefine who owned the city street, leading to jaywalking laws?

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Question 6

What was a primary tactic used by the auto industry to garner support for jaywalking laws?

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Question 7

What was the derogatory meaning of the word 'jay' during the time jaywalking laws were being created?

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Question 8

The Forbes article from 2015 on tattoos in the workplace is used as an example to demonstrate what concept?

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Question 9

According to the chapter, a deviant act typically becomes a criminal act when it is deemed to be what?

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Question 10

The chapter lists several types of harm that criminology often considers when discussing the criminalization of acts. Which of the following is NOT one of the types of harm listed?

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Question 11

In 1923, what did 42,000 Cincinnati residents petition for in response to deaths caused by cars?

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Question 12

What speed limit was proposed for cars in the 1923 Cincinnati ballot initiative?

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Question 13

According to the chapter, how did judges often rule in pedestrian deaths involving cars before the creation of jaywalking laws?

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Question 14

Which group is identified in the chapter as the primary 'moral entrepreneurs' behind the creation of jaywalking laws?

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Question 15

What is the argument presented in the 2015 Forbes article regarding employee dress codes and tattoos?

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Question 16

What is the relationship between the interactionist view and 'moral entrepreneurs'?

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Question 17

Which of the following best exemplifies the interactionist view of lawmaking as described in the chapter?

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Question 18

What was the initial public perception of cars in the 1920s, according to the text?

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Question 19

What is the critical distinction that must be made when deciding to create laws, according to the chapter?

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Question 20

According to the interactionist view, moral entrepreneurs create rules and argue that their causes will ultimately do what?

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Question 21

What does the chapter suggest about the visibility of tattoos in the workplace thirty years ago compared to today?

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Question 22

The campaign to create jaywalking laws involved shifting the blame for accidents from whom to whom?

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Question 23

What action by auto dealers was prompted by the Cincinnati residents' petition to limit car speeds?

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Question 24

In the context of the interactionist view, why do moral entrepreneurs have a 'vested interest' in their cause?

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Question 25

What is the consequence of a law being written with defined sanctions, according to the definition of a 'criminalized act'?

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Other chapters

1.1. Crime and the Criminal Justice System1.2. Deviance, Rule Violations, and Criminality1.3. Social Norms: Folkways, Mores, Taboo, and Laws1.5. Consensus View and Decriminalizing Laws1.6. Conflict View1.7. The Three C's: Cops, Courts, and Corrections1.8. The Crime Control and Due Process Models1.9. How Cases Move Through the System1.10. Media Coverage of Crimes1.11. Wedding Cake Model of Justice1.12. Street Crime, Corporate Crime, and White-Collar Crime1.13. Different Types of Crimes and Offenses1.14. Victims and Victim Typologies1.15. Victim Rights and Assistance1.16. "Spare the Rod, Spoil the Child" Myth/Controversy2.1. Dark or Hidden Figure of Crime2.2. Official Statistics2.3. Victimization Studies2.4. Self-Report Statistics2.5. Misusing Statistics3.1. Functions and Limitations of Law3.2. Civil, Criminal, and Moral Wrongs3.3. Sources of Criminal Law: Federal and State Constitutions3.4. Sources of Criminal Law: Statutes, Ordinances, and Other Legislative Enactments3.5. Sources of Law: Administrative Law, Common Law, Case Law and Court Rules3.6. Classifications of Law3.7. Substantive Law: Defining Crimes, Inchoate Liability, Accomplice Liability, and Defenses3.8. Substantive Law: Punishment: Incarceration and Confinement Sanctions3.9. Substantive Law: Physical Punishment Sentences3.10. Substantive Law: Monetary Punishment Sentences3.11. Substantive Law: Community-Based Sentences3.12. Procedural Law4.1. Importance of Policy in Criminal Justice4.2. The Myth of Moral Panics4.3. The Stages of Policy Development4.4. Importance of Evidence Based Practices4.5. Re-Evaluating Policy5.1. What is Theory?5.2. What Makes a Good Theory?5.3. Pre-Classical Theory5.4. Classical School5.5. Neoclassical5.6. Positivist Criminology5.7. Biological and Psychological Positivism5.8. The Chicago School5.9. Strain Theories5.10. Learning Theories5.11. Control Theories5.12. Other Criminological Theories6.1. Policing in Ancient Times6.2. Sir Robert Peel6.3. Policing Eras6.4. Levels of Policing and Role of Police6.5. Recruitment and Hiring in Policing6.6. Recruitment and Hiring Websites for Future Careers6.7. Police Misconduct, Accountability, and Corruption6.8. Current Issues: Police Shootings6.9. Current Issues: Use of Force and Vehicle Pursuits6.10. Current Issues: Stereotypes in Policing6.11. Current Issues: Accountability6.12. Current Issues: Internal Affairs and Discipline6.13.Current Issues: Body Cameras6.14. Myth: “Police Only Write Speeding Tickets to Harass Citizens and it is Entrapment.”7.1. Introduction to the U.S. Court System7.2. Jurisdiction7.3. Structure of the Courts: The Dual Court and Federal Court System7.4. Structure of the Courts: State Courts7.5. American Trial Courts and the Principle of Orality7.6. The Appeals Process, Standard of Review, and Appellate Decisions7.7. Federal Appellate Review of State Cases7.8. Courtroom Players: Judges and Court Staff7.9. Courtroom Players: Prosecutors7.10. Courtroom Workgroup: Defense Attorneys8.1. A Brief History of The Philosophies of Punishment8.2. Retribution8.3. Deterrence8.4. Incapacitation8.5. Rehabilitation8.6. Prisons and Jails8.7. A Brief History of Prisons and Jails8.8. Types of Jails8.9. Who Goes to Jail?8.10. Growth of Prisons in the United States8.11. Types of Prisons8.12. Prison Levels8.13. Who Goes to Prison?9.1. Diversion9.2. Intermediate Sanctions9.3. Probation9.4. Boot Camps/Shock Incarceration9.5. Drug Courts9.6. Halfway Houses9.8. House Arrest9.9. Community Residential Facilities9.10. Restorative Justice9.11. Parole9.12. Current Issues in Corrections9.13. Current Issues in Corrections: Mass Incarceration9.14. Current Issues in Corrections: War on Drugs and Gangs9.15. Current Issues in Corrections: Aging and Overcrowding9.16. Current Issues in Corrections: Reentry and the Future of Corrections10.1. Youth Crime10.2. Juvenile Justice10.3. History of the Juvenile Justice System10.4. Delinquency10.5. Juvenile Justice Process10.6. Due Process in the Juvenile Court10.7. The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 197410.8. Getting Tough: Initiatives for Punishment and Accountability10.9. Returning to Rehabilitation in the Contemporary Juvenile Justice System10.10. The Structure of the Juvenile Justice System10.11. Juvenile InstitutionsGlossary