5.4. Classical School

During which intellectual movement did citizens and social thinkers, including those of the Classical School, begin to question how they were ruled?

In what year was Thomas Hobbes' influential work, 'Leviathan', published?

Which of the following is NOT one of the assumptions Thomas Hobbes made about human beings in 'Leviathan'?

According to Hobbes, why would people create authority figures and agree to follow rules?

What is the concept that people will invest in the laws of their society on the condition that the government protects them from law-breakers?

What is the term for the assumption that people will seek to maximize pleasure and avoid pain?

According to the Classical School, why can offenders be held 100 percent responsible for their actions?

Who was the Italian mathematician and economist that wrote 'An Essay on Crimes and Punishment'?

What was the primary goal of Cesare Beccaria in writing his essay?

According to Cesare Beccaria's proposals for legal reform, who should be responsible for determining laws?

What did Beccaria advocate regarding the relationship between punishment and a crime?

What did Beccaria claim was the sole purpose of the law?

Which of the following is NOT one of the three elements Beccaria claimed were necessary for punishment to achieve deterrence?

Which English philosopher, regarded as a founder of utilitarianism, helped popularize classical theory throughout Europe?

What is the core belief of utilitarianism as described in the chapter?

According to Jeremy Bentham, what should be the utility of punishment?

What is the foundational assumption of the American criminal justice system, according to the Classical School principles described in the text?

Which institution banned Cesare Beccaria's 'An Essay on Crimes and Punishment' due to its radical ideas?

Classical School thinkers believed that people would give up a little of their self-interests as long as what condition was met?

Who did Beccaria believe should be responsible for determining the guilt of an accused person?

Hobbes' belief that people have natural rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness was foundational to which school of thought?

What does the text imply about the power of judges at the time Cesare Beccaria wrote his essay?

How did Jeremy Bentham believe punishment would promote happiness throughout society?

The assumption of free will is a cornerstone of the Classical School. What does this assumption imply?

What was Cesare Beccaria's profession before he became a famous criminological thinker?

What did Hobbes propose as the type of government that should rule citizens?

The idea that every person should be treated equally under the law was a radical proposal by which Classical School thinker?

How did Beccaria's 'An Essay on Crimes and Punishment' challenge the power structures of his time?

Which concept from the Classical School provides the rationale for holding people '100 percent responsible for their actions'?

In what way were Beccaria's ideas on punishment, such as certainty and swiftness, viewed at the time of their publication?

According to Bentham, what was most predictive for deterrence?

How does the text contrast the government Hobbes wanted with the existing systems?

The principle that humans are rational beings, as assumed by the Classical School, means they have the ability to do what?

Why did Beccaria write 'An Essay on Crimes and Punishment' anonymously?

Which of the following best summarizes the social contract as described in the chapter?

Which Classical thinker is most closely associated with the philosophy of utilitarianism?

The ideas of the Classical School have been the basis for which country's criminal justice system since its inception?

What does the concept of hedonism suggest about human motivation in relation to crime?

Which thinker was primarily shocked by the unfair treatment of the accused, which motivated his work?

The Classical School's emphasis on rationality and free will stands in contrast to which other school of thought that focuses on determinism?

In what century did Cesare Beccaria write 'An Essay on Crimes and Punishment'?

What is the relationship between Hobbes's work and the Classical School?

The statement 'the criminal justice system has maintained the assumption that crime is a choice' implies that Classical School ideas have had what kind of impact?

What do the three elements of deterrence proposed by Beccaria (certainty, swiftness, and severity) aim to influence?

The Classical School's focus on concepts like free will, rationality, and social contracts emerged from which broader historical period?

According to the text, have the foundational philosophies of punishment in the American justice system changed significantly since the adoption of Classical ideas?

Which two concepts are paired together in the Classical School's view of human action?

What was the nationality of Cesare Beccaria?

The idea that punishment should fit the crime is a principle known as what?

Which thinker is credited with popularizing Classical Theory throughout Europe?