1.9. How Cases Move Through the System

According to section 1.9, what is described as the freedom to make decisions on issues within legal guidelines and is considered an important tool for police, prosecutors, judges, and correctional officials?

What concept did Samuel Walker use to describe how cases move through the criminal justice system, where most cases do not proceed through all steps?

What term is used in section 1.9 to describe the crimes that are unknown to the police and therefore not accounted for in official reports?

The report on the funneling effect of the criminal justice system was published in 1967 by which body?

According to the New York Times example of the crime funnel cited in section 1.9, out of 35 million crimes committed each year, how many serious crimes come to the attention of the police?

What is the primary reason given in section 1.9 for why the criminal justice system relies on plea bargains?

Section 1.9 suggests that ethics and discretion in the criminal justice system often do what?

What was the major shock in the 1970s regarding crime statistics, as mentioned in section 1.9?

In the 'Funnel Effect Example' involving marijuana, taking a plea bargain to avoid jail time is described as being more likely under which model?

The New York Times article mentioned in section 1.9 discusses a class for police recruits called 'Police Legitimacy.' What is the main focus of this class?

What is described in section 1.9 as 'the understanding of what constitutes good or bad behavior' that is important for people working in the criminal justice system?

What does the 'use-of-force continuum,' studied by police recruits, dictate?

What was Samuel Walker's primary criticism of the 1967 President's Commission report on the crime funnel?

According to section 1.9, the main idea of the funnel effect is to represent how cases move through the system, starting from offenses unknown to police all the way to what final stage?

What problem with the criminal justice system is mentioned at the start of section 1.9 as a reason why processing cases can be challenging?

What is the officer-to-citizen ratio mentioned in the quote from Tobkin in the 'In the News: How Would an Ethical Officer React?' box?

What does the text suggest is the consequence if the U.S. were to punish everyone for violating the law and eliminate plea bargains?

In the example of the officer pulling over the pregnant and emotional driver, the officer's choice not to issue a ticket is an example of what concept?

What are the two main reasons cited in section 1.9 for why most cases do not go through all steps in the criminal justice system?

The text presents a contrast between a crime control model and a due process model in the 'Funnel Effect Example'. Which action is associated with the due process model in this example?

According to section 1.9, what is the power to make decisions on issues within legal guidelines often seen as in the criminal justice system?

In the New York Times example, what is the total number of crimes, both serious and not, that are estimated to be committed each year?

Which of the following is NOT listed as a stage in the crime funnel effect representation?

What does section 1.9 state about the portrayal of the criminal justice process on television?

The text states that finding a balance is very important when it comes to which concept?

An officer letting a drunk driver go home because 'break-ups suck' is presented in section 1.9 as an example of what?

What future topic is mentioned at the end of section 1.9 that can help determine an offender's risk of reoffending?

According to the New York Times example, how many 'serious' crimes are estimated to be committed annually?

In the context of the use-of-force continuum, when are tasers and batons mentioned as being appropriate?

Why are ethics considered important in the criminal justice system according to section 1.9?

The text provides an example of a judge using discretion to release a domestic violence offender to community probation. What potential negative outcome of this decision is mentioned?

What was the year that The President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice published its report on the funneling effect?

The main criticism from 'others' (not specifically Samuel Walker) about the 1967 crime funnel report was that it only looked at what two types of crimes?

In the example of the pregnant driver, the officer choosing not to write a ticket was fortunate for her because she did not have to lose what?

The discrepancy between reported and unreported crime, first highlighted in the 1970s, was revealed after the United States started doing what?

What is the key difference between the top of the crime funnel (total crimes committed) and the next level down (crimes coming to police attention)?

Section 1.9 describes the criminal justice system as being effective at catching, prosecuting, convicting, and punishing offenders. What question does it pose about this effectiveness?

What is the reason a suspect trying to get away is mentioned in the context of the use-of-force continuum?

Why must taxpayers pay for 'just crime control', according to the text, may not be the best use of all that money?

In the 'Funnel Effect Example', what is the immediate classification of the friend's offense once he is busted selling marijuana near an elementary school?

The text states that an officer choosing to arrest and a prosecutor deciding to file charges are examples of what?

What is the relationship between the New York Times article about 'Police Legitimacy' and the concept of ethics in policing?

What does Tobkin, the instructor in the 'Police Legitimacy' class, say will happen if the public does not see police as legitimate?

What is the final outcome for the defendant in the 'Funnel Effect Example' if they take the plea bargain?

According to the text, the reality of the criminal justice system is that most cases do not result in what?

Which group of criminal justice officials is NOT listed as using discretion as an important tool?

The 'Exercise on Discretion' box provides an example of discretion from whose perspective?

What concept explains the difference between the 25 million serious crimes committed and the 15 million serious crimes that come to the attention of the police, according to the New York Times example?

The chapter states that the balance of discretion is important, citing a judge's decision to release a domestic violence offender. What was the contrasting situation mentioned regarding an officer's discretion in that same scenario?

What is the primary function of the 'funnel effect' concept as described in section 1.9?