Setting Up a Factorial Experiment

In a factorial design, what does each combination of levels from different independent variables become?

What is the primary reason researchers include multiple independent variables in a single experiment?

How many conditions does a 3 x 2 factorial design have?

In a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design, how many independent variables are being studied?

What is a mixed factorial design?

In a study with a non-manipulated independent variable, such as participant gender, what is a key limitation regarding causal conclusions?

What distinguishes a non-experimental study with a factorial design from a factorial experiment?

In a between-subjects factorial design, how many conditions is each participant tested in?

An experiment on the effect of cell phone use (yes vs. no) and time of day (day vs. night) on driving ability is described as a '2 x 2' factorial design. What does this notation signify?

A 4 x 5 factorial design would have how many total conditions?

How many independent variables and levels are there in a 3 x 3 design?

What is considered a primary advantage of a within-subjects factorial design?

In the study by Schnall and colleagues on disgust and moral judgment, which of the variables was a non-manipulated independent variable?

A study examining mood (positive vs. negative) and self-esteem (high vs. low) on willingness to have unprotected sex, where both mood and self-esteem are only measured, would be classified as what type of study?

In a 2 x 3 x 4 factorial design, how many conditions are there?

Why is it unusual in practice for factorial designs to have more than three independent variables?

What is an 'interaction' between independent variables?

Non-manipulated independent variables, such as private body consciousness or hypochondriasis, are usually what type of variables?

Why must researchers be cautious about inferring causality from non-experimental studies, even when a factorial design is used?

What is the most common approach to including multiple independent variables in an experiment?

An experiment has two independent variables. The first has 2 levels and the second has 4 levels. What is the correct factorial notation for this design?

In a within-subjects factorial design, how many conditions is each participant tested in?

A researcher treats cell phone use as a within-subjects factor (testing participants with and without a phone) and time of day as a between-subjects factor (testing each participant only during the day or night). What is this design called?

What is generally the method for assigning participants to conditions or orders of conditions in a factorial experiment, regardless of whether the design is between, within, or mixed?

A factorial experiment is designed as a 2 × 2 × 2 × 3. How many independent variables are there in this study?

What type of independent variable is by definition a between-subjects factor?

In the study by Halle Brown and colleagues, participants' level of hypochondriasis (high or low) was a non-manipulated independent variable. This means that causal conclusions about the effect of hypochondriasis on memory would be...

According to the text, a study is generally considered an experiment as long as what condition is met?

If an experiment on driving ability used three types of cell phone use (handheld, hands-free, none) and two times of day (day, night), what would be its factorial design notation?

Which type of factorial design is described as being conceptually simpler and avoiding order/carryover effects?

If a researcher finds an interaction between disgust and private body consciousness, what does this result mean?

What potential third variable is mentioned in the text that could explain the relationship between a strict moral code and heightened body awareness?

A factorial design is represented by the notation 5 x 2. How many independent variables are there, and how many levels does the second variable have?

Why would researchers choose to use a factorial design instead of conducting separate studies for each independent variable?

In a 2 x 2 between-subjects factorial design with 4 conditions, how many participants would be needed at a minimum to have one participant per condition?

If a study has a factorial design but measures only pre-existing attributes of people (e.g., their personality and their mood) to see how they relate to a behavior, it is considered:

How many independent variables and total conditions are there in a 2 x 2 x 3 design?

The study by MacDonald and Martineau (2002), which manipulated participants' moods to examine effects on self-esteem and intentions, was considered an experiment because:

What is the term for an independent variable that is measured by the researcher but not manipulated?

A study with a 2 x 4 factorial design is conducted. How many independent variables does this study have?

In a 2 x 2 within-subjects factorial experiment, how many participants would be needed at a minimum to have data for all conditions?

A 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design would have a total of how many conditions?

What is the defining characteristic of factors in a factorial design?

If a researcher adds a fourth independent variable with three levels to a 2 x 2 x 2 design, how many distinct conditions would the new design have?

What is the main advantage of including multiple independent variables in one study compared to conducting one study on the effect of disgust and another on the effect of private body consciousness on moral judgment?

A non-manipulated independent variable like gender is considered a between-subjects factor because...

In a hypothetical 2 × 2 factorial design, a researcher finds that cell phone use impairs driving at night but has no effect on driving during the day. This finding is an example of:

A research design is notated as 3 x 4. How many levels does the first independent variable have?

When a factorial design is used in a non-experimental study, what problem might arise if one finds that people in a positive mood with high self-esteem are more willing to engage in a certain behavior?

A researcher wants to study the effects of caffeine (0mg, 100mg) and sleep (6 hours, 8 hours) on memory. All participants experience all four possible conditions. What type of design is this?