Key Takeaways and Exercise

According to the simple cyclical model of research in psychology, what is the step that immediately follows a research question being based on the research literature?

What primarily constitutes the research literature in psychology?

Which of the following is NOT listed as a primary reason for conducting a literature review early in the research process?

What is PsycINFO described as in the text?

What distinguishes a theory from a hypothesis in psychological research?

Which factor affecting the interestingness of a research question involves determining if it addresses an unanswered question in the existing body of work?

Which of the following would be considered a factor affecting the feasibility of a research question?

What is the hypothetico-deductive method used by psychologists?

Which of the following is an example of a quantitative variable?

What is the key difference between experimental and non-experimental research?

Why are experiments generally considered high in internal validity?

What is the primary purpose of using techniques like random assignment to conditions or counterbalancing of orders?

A study's results are considered high in external validity if they can be...

What type of error occurs if a researcher concludes there is a real effect in the population when, in reality, there is not?

What is a Type II error in the context of statistical analysis?

Which of the following describes a key characteristic of laboratory experiments regarding validity?

What is the role of inferential statistics in research?

Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?

What is the relationship between a sample and a population in a research study?

Why do scientists tend to avoid the word 'prove' when discussing theories?

According to the key takeaways, what is a confound?

What type of control condition is required when researching the effectiveness of a treatment to account for placebo effects?

What is the consequence of disconfirming a hypothesis in a systematic empirical study?

Which of the following is NOT listed as a final step in the research process for reporting results?

What is the primary characteristic of a within-subjects experimental design?

What is the primary advantage of a field study over a laboratory experiment?

What defines a variable as being categorical?

What does it mean for a research finding to be 'statistically significant'?

Which of the following describes non-experimental research?

Which measure of dispersion describes how spread out scores are in a distribution?

What is the primary function of a well-defined participant selection procedure in a field experiment?

Why is it important to standardize experimental procedures?

What is the purpose of conducting a pilot test of an experiment?

A researcher studies the relationship between hours of sleep and grade point average by collecting data from students without assigning them to sleep a certain amount. What type of research is this?

Internal validity is concerned with which aspect of a research study?

The cyclical model of research suggests that published results of an empirical study become part of what?

What are the two primary types of sampling mentioned for participants in a research study?

The mean, median, and mode are all used to describe what feature of a distribution?

If a researcher finds a statistically significant result, what can be concluded?

What is the key feature of an experiment that distinguishes it from other empirical studies?

According to the key takeaways, what is one of the main goals of reviewing literature early in the research process?

Which statement best describes the relationship between the interestingness and feasibility of a research question?

A hypothesis is described as being more specific than a theory and performing what function?

If a study has high external validity, what does this imply about its findings?

The range, standard deviation, and variance are all examples of what type of descriptive statistics?

What is the consequence of the probabilistic nature of statistics for research conclusions?

What is the key difference between a between-subjects and a within-subjects experimental design?

An 'extraneous variable' is defined as:

Which of the following methods would a researcher use to recruit participants from an established group of people who have already agreed to be contacted for studies?

Which statement accurately reflects the text's view on artificiality in experiments?