Key Takeaways and Exercises

What is the definition of the mean of a distribution according to the key takeaways on descriptive statistics?

What does the standard deviation of a distribution precisely describe?

In the context of relationship strength, how is a Cohen's d value of plus or minus 0.80 generally categorized?

How is a Pearson's r value of plus or minus 0.50 generally interpreted in terms of relationship strength?

According to APA style rules for presenting numerical results, how should results typically be rounded?

Which of the following is a key guideline for using graphs and tables in an APA-style article?

What is the recommended action for handling outliers that are believed to be the result of an error or misunderstanding?

What is the correct definition of a score's percentile rank?

What is the recommended approach for handling excluded data?

According to the key takeaways, which of the following is considered a preliminary analysis that should be performed on any data set?

In the data set from the first exercise (11, 8, 9, 12, 9, 10, 12, 13, 11, 13, 12, 6, 10, 17, 13, 11, 12, 12, 14, 14), what is the mode?

What is the range for the data set presented in the first exercise (11, 8, 9, 12, 9, 10, 12, 13, 11, 13, 12, 6, 10, 17, 13, 11, 12, 12, 14, 14)?

What is the mean for the hypothetical extraversion scores provided in the exercises (8, 10, 4, 6, 12, 14, 10, 11, 4, 13, 5, 7, 8, 11, 10)?

In a dataset, a score of 9 has three scores below it out of a total of 20 scores. What is the percentile rank for the score of 9?

If a score is 20, the distribution mean is 15, and the standard deviation is 2.5, what is the z-score?

Which measure of central tendency is defined as the middle score of a distribution?

What does a z-score measure?

How are differences between groups or conditions typically described and presented?

What is the formula for Cohen's d?

How is Pearson's r, a measure of relationship strength, defined?

According to APA style, which of these numbers should be expressed using numerals rather than words in a research paper?

What is the primary purpose of raw data preparation before analysis?

Why is it important to understand descriptive statistics first, before moving on to inferential statistics?

How is a Cohen's d value of plus or minus 0.20 interpreted according to the text's guidelines?

How should correlations between quantitative variables typically be presented graphically?

What is the median for the following set of scores: 2, 3, 3, 4, 8, 12, 14?

In an APA-style parenthetical citation of a mean and standard deviation, which symbols are used?

What type of distribution has one distinct peak?

What is the mean of the scores on the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale for the 10 Japanese students in the exercise data (25, 20, 24, 28, 30, 32, 21, 24, 20, 26)?

What is the mean of the scores on the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale for the 10 American students in the exercise data (27, 30, 34, 37, 26, 24, 28, 35, 33, 36)?

How is a Pearson's r value of plus or minus 0.30 interpreted?

What are the three statistics used to precisely describe the central tendency of a distribution?

What are the two measures used to precisely describe the variability of a distribution?

How can the location of a single score within its distribution be described?

What is the first step in preparing raw data for analysis?

A distribution is described as having its shape described in words, including whether it is symmetrical or what?

The exercise data on extraversion has scores of 4 appearing twice. If we consider the full dataset of 15 scores (8, 10, 4, 6, 12, 14, 10, 11, 4, 13, 5, 7, 8, 11, 10), what is the percentile rank for the score of 4?

In the data for the first practice exercise, what is the percentile rank for a score of 9, given the dataset is (6, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 11, 11, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 13, 13, 13, 14, 14, 17)?

Which of the following describes the final step of handling outliers that are excluded from analysis?

A research article reports a mean of 15.6789. According to APA style guidelines mentioned in the text, how should this be presented?

The key takeaways state that descriptive statistics tell the story of what happened in a study. What is the relationship between descriptive and inferential statistics?

What are the two key components that make up a description of a distribution's shape?

When presenting results parenthetically in APA style, how would a mean of 4.5 and a standard deviation of 1.2 be written?

In the list of preliminary analyses, what is the purpose of examining the distributions of individual variables?

What is the primary reason for applying the criteria for excluding outliers consistently to all data?

A student's score has a z-score of -1.0. What does this indicate about the score's location?

If a distribution has a very long tail on the right side, how would its shape be described?

What is the median for the following set of extraversion scores from the exercise: 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 10, 10, 10, 11, 11, 12, 13, 14?

Why are simple results most efficiently presented in the text rather than in a graph or table according to APA style?

What two factors are primarily considered when making judgments about whether a sample relationship is statistically significant?