Key Takeaways and Exercises

Which of the following lists the ways of acquiring knowledge as described in the summary of key takeaways?

What are the three fundamental features of science mentioned in the chapter summary?

According to the key takeaways, why is psychology considered a science?

What is the primary distinction between basic and applied research as described in the summary?

What term is used to describe beliefs and activities that are claimed to be scientific but lack one or more of the three features of science?

According to the summary, what are the three primary goals of the research that psychologists conduct?

What critical-thinking attitude involves searching for evidence and considering alternatives before accepting a claim as true?

The summary states that another critical-thinking attitude cultivated by researchers is tolerance for uncertainty. What does this attitude entail?

Who primarily conducts scientific research in psychology, according to the chapter summary?

What is the relationship between scientific research and the clinical practice of psychology?

The summary states that people's intuitions about human behavior, known as folk psychology, often turn out to be wrong. Why is this a primary reason for psychology's reliance on science?

The key takeaways mention that most psychologists who conduct research are of what type?

One of the exercises asks you to consider three things you know and determine how you acquired that knowledge. This exercise is designed to make you reflect on which concepts?

An exercise asks you to generate research questions to describe, predict, and explain a phenomenon. This task directly relates to which key takeaway?

What does the summary emphasize about the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems?

Which of the following is NOT listed in the 'Exercises' section as an intuitive belief to be analyzed for its potential truthfulness?

The summary notes that scientific research is relevant to clinical practice for two main reasons. One is providing detailed knowledge about psychological problems. What is the other reason?

A discussion question asks if the claim 'People’s choice of spouse is strongly influenced by their perception of their own parents' is falsifiable. This question relates to which key feature of science?

One discussion question asks you to consider a clinician who argues their work is an 'art form' based on intuition and cannot be evaluated scientifically. This scenario highlights the tension between which two concepts?

Why is it important to distinguish the scientific approach to understanding human behavior from pseudoscientific approaches?

According to the summary, what is the consequence of people's intuitions (folk psychology) often being wrong?

A practice exercise on page 38 asks you to list three empirical questions and three nonempirical questions about human behavior. What key feature of science does this exercise help to clarify?

What is the main reason provided in the summary for why researchers cultivate an attitude of skepticism?

Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between intuition and science as described in the chapter summary?

The summary indicates that the distinction between basic and applied research is not always clear-cut. What does this imply?

What is the primary reason scientific research in psychology is conducted by people with doctoral degrees?

What is the main takeaway regarding the statement that 'most psychologists are experimental psychologists and they conduct research'?

A practice exercise on page 39 asks you to create a list of questions that a client could ask a clinician to determine if they pay sufficient attention to scientific research. This exercise reinforces which key idea from the chapter?

Which of the following would be an example of acquiring knowledge through 'authority'?

What is the key takeaway about 'public knowledge' as a feature of science?

Which of the five methods of acquiring knowledge is described as a process of systematically collecting and evaluating evidence to test ideas and answer questions?

The summary notes that researchers do so for professional and personal reasons. Which of the following is listed as a reason?

The chapter summary contrasts folk psychology with the scientific approach. What is folk psychology primarily based on?

A key takeaway mentions that psychology is a science because it adopts the 'scientific approach.' What does this approach primarily involve?

Which of the following is NOT one of the five ways of acquiring knowledge listed in the first key takeaway?

What is the key difference between science and pseudoscience according to the chapter summary?

One of the exercises on page 38 presents a QR code to a video by Scott Lilienfeld about confirmation bias and tunnel vision. These cognitive biases are most likely to interfere with which method of knowing?

Why must scientific research be relevant to clinical practice, according to the final key takeaway?

A discussion on page 38 asks if psychology can be a science if human behavior cannot be predicted with perfect accuracy. What principle from the text would address this?

Based on the summary's description of scientific attitudes, if a researcher reads a study that supports their favorite theory but notices the sample size was very small, what would the attitude of skepticism lead them to do?

What is the primary characteristic of an 'empirical question' in science?

The chapter's opening example about women's talkativeness, where researchers recorded and counted words, is a prime illustration of which feature of science?

If a researcher develops a new treatment for anxiety, and the primary goal is to see if it helps people in a clinical setting, this would be an example of what kind of research?

A key takeaway states, 'The clinical practice of psychology...is one important application of the scientific discipline of psychology.' What is the most accurate interpretation of 'application' in this context?

The summary mentions that scientific research is conducted for 'professional and for personal reasons.' Which of the following best represents a 'professional' reason, as implied by the text?

If someone believes that astrology (the idea that the position of stars influences personality) is a science, they are confusing a form of ________ with actual science.

Which of the three goals of psychological research is the most fundamental, often serving as the starting point for the other two?

A researcher withholding judgment on a new, controversial theory because the evidence is still mixed is demonstrating which scientific attitude?

The summary states that psychology relies on science. Which method of knowing does science itself build upon by making it structured and systematic?

What does the summary imply is the main problem with acquiring knowledge through intuition?