Observational Research

What is the primary goal of observational research?

Which of the following is described as a classic example of naturalistic observation?

What is the term for when a measure changes participants' behavior because they are aware they are being observed?

What is the key difference between naturalistic observation and participant observation?

In the study by Robert Levine and Ara Norenzayan on the 'pace of life', what was the approximate walking time for 60 feet in Brazil and Romania?

What is the process called that requires clearly defining a set of target behaviors for observers to categorize?

In the study by Kraut and Johnston on bowlers' reactions, what was the demonstrated interrater reliability between the two observers?

A case study, as described in the chapter, is best defined as:

What specific type of amnesia did the case study subject HM exhibit after his surgery?

According to the text, what is a primary limitation of structured observation compared to naturalistic observation?

Why are case studies considered to have problems with internal validity?

Archival research is an approach that involves analyzing data that:

In the archival study by Christopher Peterson and his colleagues on optimism and health, what was the Pearson's r value found between the men's explanatory style as students and their health at age 60?

Content analysis is described as a family of systematic approaches to measurement that requires:

What is the primary rationale for using disguised participant observation?

What key insight did the case study of HM provide for memory researchers?

Which statement accurately describes structured observation?

What was the conclusion of Leon Festinger's disguised participant observation study of the 'Seekers' cult?

What is considered a primary benefit of participant observation?

Under what condition is disguised naturalistic observation considered ethically acceptable?

In Amy Wilkins's study of a religious organization, an example of how the group 'enforced' happiness was by:

What is the primary reason case studies should not be used as evidence for theories?

The study by Cohen and colleagues, where observers rated the reactions of participants who were bumped and insulted, took place in what kind of environment?

Why is disguised observation considered less reactive than undisguised observation?

What does the text suggest is a major limitation of participant observation where the researcher becomes an active member of the group?

Observational research is a type of non-experimental study where behavior is ____.

In the case study of 'Anna O.', Freud's interpretation was that her inability to drink was caused by:

What is the text's evaluation of the Anna O. case study as evidence for Freud's theory?

What type of observational research was used in the study of 'implicit egotism' by Brett Pelham and his colleagues?

A primary benefit of structured observation mentioned in the text is that it is:

What kind of data are often collected in observational research studies?

What is the Hawthorne effect?

Rosenhan's study, where he and pseudopatients were admitted to psychiatric hospitals, is considered what type of observation?

What is a major problem with using case studies to generalize conclusions to other individuals?

In the structured observation study of bowlers, what did Kraut and Johnston find regarding smiling?

What is the primary purpose of demonstrating interrater reliability in an observational study?

Which type of observational research is described as being very similar to naturalistic observation but with the researcher becoming an active member of the group?

The text states that in undisguised naturalistic observation, people often become used to being observed and begin to behave naturally over time. This process is called:

What is a significant ethical issue to consider with disguised participant observation?

A researcher studying the frequency of specific helping behaviors at a shopping mall by counting them from a distance without interacting with shoppers is conducting which type of research?

Case studies are useful because they can provide insights and help develop theories, but they should never be used as:

In the Levine and Norenzayan 'pace of life' study, what was one way the researchers controlled for extraneous variables?

Which of the following research questions would be best suited for a case study approach?

What is the main concern with undisguised naturalistic observation?

The defining characteristic of archival research is that it involves:

A final limitation of case studies mentioned in the chapter is the ample opportunity for:

In the Peterson et al. archival study, what data did the researchers analyze to obtain a measure of explanatory style?

Structured observation is less global than naturalistic observation because:

Which of these is NOT a type of observational research described in the chapter?

What is the primary strength of case studies?