Expressing Your Results

According to APA style rules for presenting numerical results in text, how should numbers less than 10 that do not represent precise statistical results be written?

How are statistical results, such as a mean or standard deviation, always presented in APA style, regardless of their value?

When presenting the mean and standard deviation parenthetically in APA style, which symbols should be used?

What is a key principle for including a figure in an APA-style research report?

According to the technical guidelines for the presentation of figures, how should the layout of scatterplots, bar graphs, and line graphs generally be oriented?

In an APA-style graph, where should the independent and dependent variables be plotted?

According to APA style guidelines for figure captions, how should the title be formatted?

In APA-style bar graphs, what do error bars typically represent?

How is the standard error, a value often used for error bars in bar graphs, calculated?

What is the general convention for choosing between a bar graph and a line graph?

When are scatterplots typically used to present correlations?

In a scatterplot, what does each individual point represent?

What is the most common use of tables in APA-style manuscripts, as described in the chapter?

In an APA-style table, where are horizontal lines typically placed?

What is a correlation matrix?

In a correlation matrix, why are the values for the correlation of a variable with itself often replaced by dashes?

According to the description of the hypothetical study presented in Figure 12.14, what was the mean for 'Intentions to Have Unprotected Sex' for participants with high self-esteem who were in a positive mood?

Based on the description of the correlation matrix in Figure 12.15, what was the correlation between working memory and executive function?

What is the general guideline regarding the presentation of statistical results that are already clearly shown in a graph or table?

In a sample APA-style scatterplot like Figure 12.13, what can be included to show the best fit for the points?

According to the description of Figure 12.14, which group had the highest mean for 'Attitudes Toward Unprotected Sex'?

What is the specified font size range for text within an APA-style figure?

How should axis labels be oriented in an APA-style graph?

Based on the example in the text, how would you write the following result in the narrative of a report: a mean age of 22.43 years with a standard deviation of 2.34?

The text provides a nonparallel example of presenting results: 'The treatment group had a mean of 23.40 (SD = 9.33), while 20.87 was the mean of the control group, which had a standard deviation of 8.45.' Why is this considered nonparallel?

What is one way mentioned in the text to indicate that two or more individuals fall at the exact same point on a scatterplot?

Under what condition is it particularly appropriate to make the x- and y-axes of a scatterplot the same length?

In the description of the correlation matrix in Figure 12.15 from a study by McCabe and colleagues, which of the following correlations was described as 'medium'?

What is the primary reason that only half of a correlation matrix table is filled in?

Based on the description of the Carlson and Conard study in Figure 12.12, what do the error bars on the line graph represent?

According to the general principles for tables, what should be true about their interpretability?

In the sample APA-style Table 12.14, besides the main column headings, what other type of headings are included to help organize the information efficiently?

In the provided text, the test-retest correlation was stated as .96. How would this result be presented parenthetically?

The text states a third guideline for figures is that they should be 'interpretable on their own.' What does this mean?

In the line graph shown in Figure 12.12, what does each point on the graph represent?

Why is the standard error used for error bars instead of standard deviation when the goal is to 'see' if a difference between group means is statistically significant?

According to the description for Figure 12.14, what was the standard deviation for 'Intentions to Have Unprotected Sex' for participants with low self-esteem in a negative mood?

In the description of the correlation matrix in Figure 12.15, what was the correlation between processing speed and age?

What does the text suggest is an efficient way to report a small number of results?

The third example of presenting descriptive statistics is: 'The treatment group had a mean of 23.40 (SD = 9.33), while the control group had a mean of 20.87 (SD = 8.45).' What principle of good writing does this example demonstrate?

According to the APA Publication Manual guidelines cited, how should legends be placed in relation to a figure?

What is the Pearson's r value reported in the caption for the sample APA-style scatterplot in Figure 12.13?

The text mentions that if you have a large number of results to report, you can do it more clearly and efficiently with a graphical depiction. What are these graphs presented as in an APA-style report?

What is a general guideline for the values on the x-axis and y-axis of an APA-style graph?

According to the long description of Figure 12.11, what do the error bars on the bar graph look like?

What is the first step in formatting a figure caption in APA style?

What key information must be included in axis labels if it does not appear in the caption?

Based on the description of the McCabe and colleagues study (Figure 12.15), what was the general tendency for most cognitive measures in relation to age?

According to the APA style rules mentioned, results are usually rounded to how many decimal places?

What is the reason given for why line graphs and bar graphs are considered to show fundamentally similar types of statistical relationships?