The Single-Subject Versus Group “Debate”

What is a primary concern that advocates of group research raise about the use of visual inspection in single-subject research?

How do single-subject researchers typically respond to the criticism that focusing on group means in traditional experiments can be misleading?

According to advocates of group research, what is the primary difficulty concerning external validity in single-subject studies?

How do single-subject researchers defend the external validity of their findings against the criticism of using small samples?

For which of the following research goals would group research be considered more appropriate than single-subject research?

What does the Principle of Converging Evidence suggest that scientists should do?

In the context of the Principle of Converging Evidence, when would confidence in a particular conclusion be undermined?

According to single-subject researchers, what concern arises from group researchers generalizing findings from a single situation, such as a closed driving track?

For which of these research questions would group research be necessary and the single-subject approach not be applicable?

What is the role of a 'steady state strategy' in single-subject research, according to the text?

How do group researchers address the concern that their focus on group statistics might hide individual differences?

What point do single-subject researchers make about the external validity of group research findings when applied to a single new individual?

Single-subject research is described as being particularly good for testing the effectiveness of treatments under what condition?

What is the key takeaway from 'The Principle of Converging Evidence' regarding the quest for a 'perfect' experiment?

What is the typical trade-off between true experiments and non-experimental research mentioned in the context of the Principle of Converging Evidence?

What role can factorial designs play in addressing the concerns raised in the single-subject versus group research debate?

When single-subject researchers find an effect that is difficult to detect through visual inspection due to noisy data, what is their likely course of action?

What example is provided in the text to show how research from both single-subject and group traditions can be successfully integrated?

What is meant by the statement that the single-subject and group approaches represent different 'research traditions'?

Why is group research considered more efficient than single-subject research for studying interactions between treatments and participant characteristics?

What is one of the three specific concerns advocates of group research have regarding visual inspection of data in single-subject studies?

If a treatment in a group study positively affects half the participants and negatively affects the other half, what is the likely outcome when looking at the group mean?

What is the single-subject researchers' view on the generalization of principles like classical and operant conditioning?

According to the Principle of Converging Evidence, when can researchers have increased confidence in their conclusions, even when individual studies are flawed?

What is the primary reason that a clinician working with a single client might choose a single-subject research design?

What is the main point of the 'Data Analysis' section in the debate between single-subject and group researchers?

In the debate on external validity, what is the core issue that both single-subject and group researchers are ultimately concerned with?

What does the text suggest is probably the best way to conceptualize single-subject and group research?

What does the text conclude about scientific proof based on the Principle of Converging Evidence?

When single-subject researchers are criticized for the unreliability of visual inspection, how do they defend their method?

A study finds a treatment reduces self-injury in two children with intellectual disabilities. What is the external validity concern a group researcher would raise?

In the final paragraph of Chapter 46, the text states, 'In science, we strive for progress, not perfection.' What does this mean in the context of the chapter?

What is the primary benefit of using a within-subjects design in group research, in the context of the debate with single-subject researchers?

What is the key takeaway regarding the generalization of results based on the number of participants studied?

If a single-subject researcher, after trying to strengthen an effect and reduce data noise, still finds the effect difficult to detect, what is the likely conclusion?

What is the primary reason group research is considered ideal for testing the effectiveness of treatments at the group level?

In the context of the data analysis debate, what is the significance of a bimodal distribution of scores in a treatment group?

Why do single-subject researchers argue that statistical analysis is becoming a more common supplement to visual inspection?

The text argues that the Principle of Converging Evidence allows science to overcome the fact that 'no design is perfect.' How does it do this?

What is the fundamental difference in approach to external validity between single-subject and group researchers?

If a group study shows a small positive effect on average for a treatment, what is the concern a single-subject researcher might have?

What is the role of 'research traditions' in the ongoing use of both single-subject and group research approaches?

According to the text, why can a research finding based on a collection of studies with different flaws be more convincing than a finding based on a collection of studies with similar flaws?

One concern about visual inspection is that it is 'unreliable'. What does this mean in the context of data analysis?

Which statement best summarizes the resolution proposed in the chapter to the 'debate' between single-subject and group research?

What is the primary strength of a true experiment that a non-experimental (correlational) study typically lacks?

A key point made by single-subject researchers is that focusing on group means can be 'highly misleading.' Why is this the case?

According to the chapter, what is the value in detecting a 'weak effect' through group research?

If you wanted to study the relationship between a personality trait like extraversion and the number of friends a person has, why would a group design be more appropriate than a single-subject design?

What is the final message of the chapter regarding the search for truth in psychology?