Practical Strategies for Psychological Measurement

What are the four broad steps in the measurement process, presented in the correct order?

Why is a clear and complete conceptual definition of a construct considered a prerequisite for good measurement?

Which of the following is NOT listed as an advantage of using an existing measure in research?

The Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) is a self-report questionnaire that measures all the Big Five personality dimensions with how many items?

Which of the following is an example of a proprietary measure that a researcher would typically have to purchase to use?

What is the primary reason for including multiple items, rather than a single item, in a new psychological measure?

What is 'participant reactivity' in the context of implementing a measure?

A participant with low self-esteem agrees with the statement 'I feel I am a person of worth' because they believe it is the socially appropriate response. What is this phenomenon called?

Which of the following is a recommended strategy to minimize participant reactivity?

After data has been collected, when is it considered customary to assess the internal consistency of a multiple-item measure?

In the study by MacDonald and Martineau, their mood measure showed a distinct difference between the groups that thought positive versus negative thoughts. What two things did this result simultaneously provide evidence for?

If newly collected data cast doubt on the reliability or validity of your measure, what is the recommended course of action?

In the adapted Stroop task for studying social anxiety, what were participants high in social anxiety found to be slower at doing?

What is the primary purpose of operationally defining a construct?

According to the text, which is an example of an operational definition of stress?

What does it mean for a measure to be 'proprietary'?

A researcher wants to create a new measure of 'financial responsibility'. The text suggests that asking people to rate 10 statements on the same five-point scale is better than asking for their income, credit score, and a rating of thriftiness. Why?

What is the very best way to ensure a new measure has clear instructions and is an appropriate length before large-scale data collection?

A questionnaire designed to measure financial responsibility is titled 'Money Questionnaire' or has no title at all. This is a strategy to minimize what type of reactivity?

To minimize the effects of a researcher's expectations on participant behavior, it is recommended to have the measure administered by a helper who is 'blind'. What does 'blind' mean in this context?

Why might a researcher choose to use the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) even though it is not as reliable or valid as longer measures?

Which of the following resources is described as an extensive catalog or collection of measures that have been used in previous research?

When is it considered acceptable to wait until debriefing to reveal the specific research question?

If a research design includes a form of active deception, what should the researcher consider first?

How can a researcher minimize even a mild form of deception, such as withholding the research question?

What is the general rule for justifying research that poses only minimal risk?

According to APA Standard 8.05, when is informed consent NOT necessary?

What is the recommended first step when you need to create an informed consent procedure for your study?

What does a 'debriefing' process typically involve?

The text advises that the institutional approval process should be thought of as what?

Once a study receives institutional approval, what is the researcher's ethical responsibility regarding the protocol?

One criticism of Milgram's study, mentioned in the context of 'Follow Through', is that he should have made adjustments to the procedure after what point?

What is the final ethical duty mentioned for a researcher regarding their results?

Which of the following describes a key way to minimize the risk of unintentional violations of confidentiality?

What is the primary reason to use a pre-screening procedure?

How did researcher Jerry Burger modify Milgram's study design to minimize risk?

What is the first step in identifying and minimizing risks in a study design?

When weighing the risks of a study against its benefits, what three categories of benefits should be considered?

For a student researcher, what is one of the benefits of conducting research that should be weighed against the risks?

When is psychological research that has the potential to cause harm that is more than minor or lasts for more than a short time considered justified?

When should publication credit and the order of authors be addressed with collaborators?

How many steps are outlined in the measurement process within the chapter?

Why must researchers who use an existing, validated measure still evaluate it with their own data?

In addition to a script, what is a practical tool to help explain a study to participants in simple, everyday language?

When creating a new multiple-item measure, what must be true about the items for them to be combined into a single overall score?

What is the second step in the four-step measurement process?

Why is it important to standardize interactions between researchers and participants, for example, by reading the same set of instructions word for word?

The chapter describes an example where a student researcher wanted to test people's sensitivity to violent images by showing them gruesome photographs, underestimating how disturbing they would be. This example illustrates which point?

If a measure of mood showed no difference between people instructed to think positive thoughts and those instructed to think negative thoughts, what might be a potential reason for this null result?

What is the third step of the four broad steps in the measurement process?