Key Takeaways and Exercises

Thinking through ethical issues in psychological research requires considering how four moral principles apply to which three distinct groups?

What is the general consensus regarding the presence of ethical conflict in psychological research?

Which of the following is NOT listed among the major written ethics codes that provide specific guidance for research with human participants?

For researchers in psychology, which standard within the APA Ethics Code is identified as the most important, covering topics such as informed consent, deception, and scholarly integrity?

What is the primary role of an institutional review board (IRB) at institutions like universities and hospitals that receive federal research support?

According to the definition provided, what is the core of the informed consent process?

The APA Ethics Code allows for the use of deception in research under certain conditions. Which of the following is one of those required conditions?

What is a researcher's primary responsibility according to the text?

Which of the following is identified as a concrete step researchers can take to minimize risks in their research?

At what point in the research process do a researcher's ethical responsibilities end?

Which of the four general moral principles of ethical research is most concerned with a researcher's truthfulness and competence in conducting their work?

What is the key takeaway regarding the comparison between informed consent and the act of signing a consent form?

According to the APA Ethics Code's allowance for deception, what must be done for participants as soon as possible after the deception has occurred?

What does the text suggest is the relationship between the four moral principles of research ethics and the different groups affected by research?

What is one reason the text provides for why ethical conflict is unavoidable in psychological research?

In addition to debriefing and the use of nonhuman animal subjects, what other two topics are covered under Standard 8 of the APA Ethics Code?

What is the primary purpose of an institutional review board (IRB) review?

What is a key reason why deception is sometimes considered ethically justifiable under the APA Ethics Code?

What is the consequence for a researcher who is unaware of a relevant ethical standard in the APA Ethics Code?

Besides making changes to research design and prescreening, what is another concrete step mentioned for minimizing risks and deception?

If a research study's results could be misapplied by the public with harmful consequences, this represents a risk to which of the three main groups in the ethical framework?

Which foundational ethics code was established in 1978 in the United States, following concerns about the Tuskegee study, and explicitly recognized the principle of seeking justice?

What is the key responsibility a researcher has after IRB approval, regarding the study protocol?

What must researchers be alert for regarding participant information after receiving IRB approval and during the study?

Among the four moral principles, which one most directly covers the need for informed consent?

According to the APA Ethics Code, when deception is used in a study, what right must participants have regarding their data?

The requirement for researchers to review research protocols to ensure they conform to ethical standards is a key function of what body?

What is one of the main arguments against the use of deception in research?

Which action is a required step for researchers to minimize risk AFTER identifying potential risks in their study design?

Maintaining scholarly integrity through the publication process involves avoiding what specific unethical practice?

Which of the four moral principles best encompasses the idea that research should have benefits that outweigh its potential for harm?

The Nuremberg Code was particularly clear about the importance of carefully weighing risks against benefits and the need for what other crucial ethical requirement?

If a researcher provides extra credit as an incentive for research participation in a course, what does APA Ethics Code Standard 8.04 require?

What is the term for the process of informing participants about the full purpose of a study and revealing any deception after their participation is complete?

What does it mean for research to be classified as 'greater than minimal risk'?

If a researcher fabricates data, which specific ethical principle are they violating?

Why might a researcher choose to use prescreening as a method to minimize risk?

The Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects is a set of laws based on which foundational report?

According to APA Ethics Code Standard 8.01, what must psychologists do when institutional approval is required for their research?

When can psychologists dispense with informed consent for research, according to Standard 8.05?

What does the text identify as a researcher's ethical duty concerning their results?

Which of the four moral principles is most applicable when considering the use of a control group that receives no treatment in a study for a new, potentially beneficial therapy?

What is the most important ethics code for researchers in psychology, according to the text?

A key takeaway from the chapter is that your ethical responsibilities continue beyond IRB approval. What is one specific action required during this post-approval phase?

If a study involves deceiving participants, when should the debriefing ideally occur?

What is the primary reason the text gives for why a researcher should know and accept their ethical responsibilities?

When are psychologists permitted to offer professional services as an inducement for research participation, according to Standard 8.06?

Which of the following research activities would most likely qualify for an expedited review by an IRB, rather than a full board review?

What is the ultimate responsibility of the researcher regarding the ethics of the research they conduct?

According to APA Ethics Code Standard 8.12, who should be listed as the principal author on a multi-authored article that is substantially based on a student's doctoral dissertation?