Practical Considerations

What is a formal subject pool, as described in the context of recruiting participants for an experiment?

According to research by Rosenthal & Rosnow (1976), which of the following is a typical characteristic of people who volunteer for psychological research compared to those who do not?

In field experiments where participants are selected rather than recruited, what is the primary purpose of having a well-defined set of selection rules?

What is the primary way that unintended variation in an experimental procedure, such as an experimenter's demeanor, affects the data if it varies systematically across conditions?

What is an experimenter expectancy effect?

In the Rosenthal and Fode (1963) study involving rats in a maze, what was the actual difference between the 'maze-bright' and 'maze-dull' rats?

What is the primary purpose of conducting a double-blind study?

Which of the following is a key reason for assigning an identification number to each participant in an experiment?

What is a manipulation check?

Under which circumstance is a manipulation check particularly important to interpret the results of an experiment?

What is a pilot test in the context of experimental research?

Which of the following questions is a researcher LEAST likely to answer by conducting a pilot test?

In the field experiment on smiling and helping conducted by Guéguen and de Gail (2003), the confederate was instructed to gaze at the first person encountered who appeared to be between which ages?

The fact that volunteer subjects may have higher educational levels and IQs than the general population can be an issue of which type of validity?

Which of the following is NOT listed as a method to standardize an experimental procedure?

In a study on pain perception by Ibolya, Brake, & Voss (2004), how did the experimenter's sex affect participants' pain tolerance?

What is the key difference between a single-blind and a double-blind study?

What information should be written on response sheets or questionnaires generated by participants to make them easier to keep together?

If a manipulation check shows that an independent variable was NOT successfully manipulated, what is the most likely conclusion?

Why are manipulation checks usually done at the end of an experimental procedure?

Which of the following is a primary goal of pilot testing an experiment?

When getting feedback from participants during a pilot test, what does the text advise researchers to do?

What does it mean for an experimenter to be 'blind' to the research question or condition?

In the context of the 'volunteer subject', what is one reason a rational argument might work better on volunteers than on the general population in a persuasion study?

What was the dependent variable in the field experiment by Guéguen and de Gail (2003) on the effect of being smiled at?

According to the chapter, why is it important for each experimenter to test participants in all conditions when multiple experimenters are used?

In the Rosenthal and Fode (1963) study, the students who expected their rats to be 'maze-bright' reported behaving toward them in what manner?

What kind of information is considered useful to write down as comments during a testing session?

A researcher studying stress gives some participants a questionnaire about stressful life events and takes their blood pressure. What is the purpose of taking the blood pressure in this context?

If a pilot test reveals that participants frequently ask the same question about the procedure, what should the researcher do for the main study?

What is a primary distinction between recruiting participants and selecting them, as illustrated by the examples in the chapter?

Which of the following characteristics of volunteer subjects is NOT mentioned in the list provided from Rosenthal & Rosnow (1976)?

What is the consequence of unsystematic variation introduced during an experimental procedure?

According to the chapter, why is it often necessary to train multiple experimenters together on the protocol?

In what situation mentioned in the chapter would it be impossible for an experimenter to remain blind to the research question?

A researcher studies the effect of mood on memory but finds no result. A manipulation check using a mood questionnaire reveals that the sad music did not make people sadder than the happy music. What does this manipulation check help the researcher to conclude?

What is the recommended method for identifying individual participants' data while maintaining confidentiality?

If a researcher conducts a pilot test and finds that the procedure is boring or frustrating for participants, what is a likely consequence for the main study if this is not corrected?

What should a researcher do after discovering problems with a procedure during a pilot test?

Which practical issue is addressed by developing a written protocol, creating standard instructions, and automating the procedure?

An experimenter is told to test participants between the ages of 20 and 50 who gaze back at him. This is an example of what?

A researcher is planning a study on a sensitive topic and is concerned that volunteer participants might differ significantly from the general population. This concern relates to what specific practical issue?

If a warm and friendly experimenter tests participants in a treatment group, while a cold and unfriendly experimenter tests participants in a control group, what is the most likely result?

What is the primary function of pilot testing an indirect manipulation?

The text advises that it is better to discover problems with a measure or procedure before what event?

Which practical consideration is most directly aimed at preventing experimenter expectancy effects?

What is the final step in the process of conducting an experiment, after solving any problems identified during pilot testing?

A study where the participant is not aware of the experimental condition they are in, but the experimenter is aware, is known as what?

According to the chapter, why might it be necessary to recruit participants for a study on schizophrenia, rather than using a convenience sample?

In addition to the participant's ID number and demographic information, what other details are good to include in the record for each testing session?