Key Takeaways and Exercises

What is the primary characteristic of single-subject research as described in the key takeaways?

How is single-subject research distinguished from qualitative research according to the key takeaways?

What is the primary purpose of changing conditions (e.g., from baseline to treatment) in a single-subject research design?

In a reversal design, what provides strong evidence of a treatment effect?

How does a multiple-baseline design provide evidence of a treatment effect?

What are the three factors that single-subject researchers typically look for when visually analyzing their graphed data?

What are the two main issues of disagreement between single-subject and group researchers?

What is the recommended perspective on single-subject research and group research according to the key takeaways?

A researcher conducts a study where a participant is first observed in a baseline condition, then a treatment is applied, and finally, the participant is returned to the baseline condition. This study uses which specific design?

A study establishes baselines for a single participant's behavior in three different settings (home, school, and a community center) and then introduces a treatment at different times in each setting. This is an example of which design?

Single-subject research designs typically involve changing from one condition to the next only when the dependent variable has reached what state?

Today, single-subject research is most strongly associated with which theoretical perspective?

What is the key advantage of a multiple-baseline design over a reversal design?

According to the key takeaways, single-subject research is considered an important alternative to what other type of research?

If a researcher is judging the effect of an intervention based on the time it takes for the behavior to change after the intervention is introduced, which aspect of visual analysis are they focused on?

A single-subject study involves two participants. Baselines are established for both. The treatment is introduced for Participant 1 in week 3, and for Participant 2 in week 5. What type of design is this?

What is the primary method of data analysis in single-subject research, according to the key takeaways?

A critique of group research from the perspective of a single-subject researcher would likely focus on what issue?

In a multiple-baseline design across three different behaviors, how many baselines are established?

What does a 'return to baseline' in a reversal design help to demonstrate?

According to the key takeaways, a single-subject study typically involves how many participants?

Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of multiple-baseline designs mentioned in the key takeaways?

The issue of 'generalization to other people' is a key component of which point of disagreement between single-subject and group researchers?

If a researcher observes that the data points in a treatment phase are consistently higher than in the baseline phase, this judgment is primarily about the data's what?

Single-subject research has been around since when?

A study design where a participant is tested in a baseline condition (A), then a treatment condition (B), and then returned to baseline (A) would be an example of what?

What is the primary focus of analysis in single-subject research, distinguishing it from qualitative approaches?

In a multiple-baseline design with 4 participants, how many times is the treatment introduced?

If a behavior increases during baseline and then begins to decrease immediately after a treatment is introduced, the change in direction is known as a change in what?

Which statement best captures the complementary nature of single-subject and group research?

What is the role of experimental manipulation and control in single-subject research?

In a reversal design, if the dependent variable changes with the treatment but does NOT change back with the return to baseline, what is a potential conclusion?

A key takeaway states that disagreements between single-subject and group researchers center on data analysis and external validity. What is another term for external validity mentioned in parentheses?

How many key takeaways are listed in Chapter 47?

If a researcher wants to study the effect of a new teaching method on three different academic subjects (math, reading, writing) for a single student, which design would be most appropriate?

The key takeaways emphasize that single-subject research involves repeatedly measuring the dependent variable over what dimension?

Which of the following would be an example of analyzing the 'level' of data in a single-subject graph?

An ABA design consists of how many distinct phases?

The final key takeaway suggests that single-subject and group research are appropriate for what?

What does it mean for single-subject research data to be 'highly structured'?

In a study using a reversal design with one participant, if the dependent variable changes from baseline to treatment, and then changes back during the reversal, how many data points provide strong evidence for the treatment effect?

A key difference between a multiple-baseline design and a reversal design is that the multiple-baseline design does not require what?

If a researcher reports that 'the slope of the data points flattened during the treatment phase compared to the baseline phase,' they are making a judgment about which aspect of the data?

The statement 'single-subject research focuses on understanding objective behavior through experimental manipulation and control' contrasts it with what other approach?

In a multiple-baseline design, when is the treatment introduced for each baseline?

According to the key takeaways, a single-subject research design typically involves measuring the dependent variable repeatedly and changing conditions when the dependent variable has reached a steady state. This approach allows the researcher to see what?

How many participants are typically tested in a reversal design?

Which statement accurately reflects the historical context of single-subject research?

The logic of a multiple-baseline design relies on observing a change in the dependent variable after the treatment is introduced. What makes this evidence strong?

If a researcher describes a study as using 'experimental manipulation and control, collecting highly structured data, and analyzing those data quantitatively' with a small number of participants, which research approach is being described?