Conducting Surveys

What are the two broad categories into which all psychological research sampling falls?

Which sampling method involves studying individuals who happen to be nearby and willing to participate?

What is the function of a sampling frame in probability sampling?

Which probability sampling method involves dividing the population into 'strata' and then taking a random sample from each stratum?

If a researcher wants to ensure that a survey of 1,000 American adults includes about 126 African-American respondents to match the population's 12.6 percent composition, what specific sampling method should be used?

What is the primary advantage of using cluster sampling for surveys that involve face-to-face interviewing?

What is the typical range for sample sizes in most survey research, balancing confidence with practical constraints like budget?

According to the 'Sample Size and Population Size' box, a survey sample of 1,000 registered voters yields a 95 percent confidence interval for the true population percentage between what two values?

What is the definition of sampling bias?

The inaccurate prediction of the 1936 presidential election by the Literary Digest is a classic example of sampling bias primarily because its mailing lists over-represented which group?

When does non-response bias occur?

What is considered the most effective approach to minimizing non-response bias in a survey?

Which of the four main ways of conducting a survey is identified as being the most costly?

When ranking survey methods by their typical response rates from highest to lowest, what is the correct order?

According to the findings presented in Table 7.3 regarding web-based studies, how do internet samples compare to traditional samples in terms of demographic diversity?

What does evidence from Table 7.3 suggest about the consistency of findings from internet-based studies compared to those from traditional methods?

What is the only type of probability sampling that does not require a sampling frame?

What is the primary reason a researcher would use disproportionate stratified random sampling?

If a sample of 100 voters is surveyed, there is a 95 percent chance that the true percentage in the population is between which two values, according to the text?

In the study by Vivienne Lahaut on alcohol consumption, what did the researchers discover about the original non-responders when they made unannounced visits?

Which of the following is NOT listed as a factor that increases survey response rates?

Why has the use of telephone directories as a comprehensive sampling frame become less effective in modern times?

According to Table 7.3, the preconception that internet samples consist of individuals who are 'maladjusted, socially isolated, or depressed' is contrasted by what finding?

What type of non-probability sampling involves studying individuals simply because they are nearby and willing to participate?

If a researcher randomly selects several small towns and then randomly selects several individuals within each of those towns to interview, what sampling method is being used?

In the context of survey research, what does a confidence interval depend on?

What is the primary reason that mail surveys are considered most susceptible to non-response bias compared to in-person or telephone surveys?

If a research team travels to 10 small towns and interviews 20 residents in each, instead of traveling to 200 towns to interview one resident each, what sampling method are they utilizing to increase efficiency?

An ethical limit exists when offering incentives to increase survey response rates, as they may be considered coercive if they are what?

Which sampling method is being used when a researcher studies individuals who choose to take part in the research on their own accord, without being approached directly?

Why are survey researchers strongly preferential towards using probability samples?

Random-digit dialing, where a computer generates phone numbers randomly, is a common approach for which type of sampling?

When comparing a sample of 1,000 voters to a sample of 2,000 voters, how does the 95 percent confidence interval change?

Which of the following describes the most pervasive form of sampling bias that even careful random sampling is subject to?

Besides cost, what is a primary drawback of telephone surveys compared to in-person interviews?

What is one challenge of conducting internet surveys when trying to achieve a random sample of a general population?

What is the only type of sampling mentioned that uses existing research participants to help recruit additional participants?

If a researcher wants to survey Asian Americans but finds a simple random sample of 1,000 adults yields too few to draw conclusions, what method could be used to ensure enough are included?

What does the text suggest is the relationship between a survey's perceived length and complexity and its response rate?

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes probability sampling from non-probability sampling?

Which survey administration method provides the closest personal contact with respondents?

What is the only probability sampling method discussed that does not necessitate a sampling frame?

When a confidence interval for a proportion in a population depends only on the sample size and not the population size, a sample of 1,000 would produce a 95 percent confidence interval of 47 to 53 regardless of whether the population was one hundred thousand or what?

In a survey on alcohol consumption, what did researchers find that indicated their initial estimates were too high due to non-response bias?

What tool, originally created by Amazon for usability testing, is now used by survey researchers to gather high-quality data from a large database of workers at a low cost?

What type of sampling involves dividing the population into groups, usually based on demographic characteristics, and then drawing a random sample from each group?

The National Comorbidity Survey, which sampled clusters of individuals and then individuals within those clusters, is an example of what type of sampling?

What is one of the two main factors that determines how large a survey sample needs to be?

What specific action is mentioned as a technique for increasing survey response rates by contacting potential participants before sending the actual survey?

Based on Table 7.3, what evidence is there concerning the preconception that internet samples are 'maladjusted, socially isolated, or depressed'?