Developing a Hypothesis

What is the definition of a theory in the scientific context?

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes a hypothesis from a theory?

According to Zajonc’s drive theory, what psychological state is created when one is being watched by others while performing a task?

What is the nature of the relationship between theories and hypotheses described in the text?

Which of the following is NOT one of the three general characteristics of a good hypothesis?

What does it mean for a hypothesis to be 'positive'?

What is the primary method that scientific researchers use to test theories, often called the hypothetico-deductive method?

In the Schwarz et al. study on assertiveness, which theory predicted that people who recalled fewer examples (6) would rate themselves as more assertive?

In Norbert Schwarz's study on assertiveness, how many times were participants in the 'difficult' recall condition asked to recall being assertive?

What type of reasoning is used when a researcher begins with a broad theory and generates a more specific hypothesis to test?

When is inductive reasoning typically used to form a hypothesis?

In Zajonc's study with cockroaches, what was the 'easy task' designed to test his drive theory?

What is meant by Popper's falsifiability criterion for a good hypothesis?

Which of the following describes the first way researchers can incorporate theory into their research reports?

According to the text, why might some hypotheses be 'a-theoretical'?

What was the surprising result in the Schwarz et al. study on assertiveness, which provided evidence for the ease-of-retrieval theory?

According to drive theory, for which type of task does being watched by others increase the tendency to make correct responses?

What is one of the two ways mentioned for researchers to derive hypotheses from theories?

In the example of expressive writing, the habituation theory implies that writing about positive experiences would NOT be effective for improving health because...

What makes a hypothesis that distinguishes between competing theories particularly valuable?

The hypothetico-deductive method, as a model of scientific research, is also described as...

In Zajonc's research, what was the outcome for cockroaches in the cross-shaped maze when other cockroaches were present?

What does the scientific use of the term 'theory' imply about its status, as seen in examples like the 'germ theory' of disease?

A researcher observes that people who own pets seem to be happier. They form a general hypothesis that pet ownership increases happiness. What kind of reasoning is this an example of?

Which statement best describes the format for incorporating theory into research that is particularly well-suited for applied research questions?

What does a theory do that goes beyond the phenomena it explains?

How can hypotheses, when expressed as statements, always be rephrased?

In the hypothetico-deductive cycle, what is the immediate next step after a researcher conducts an empirical study to test a hypothesis?

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of a good hypothesis?

Why is it important that a hypothesis be logical?

The statement 'If the habituation theory is correct, then expressive writing about positive experiences should not be effective' is an example of what?

What is the second way researchers can derive hypotheses from theories, as described in the chapter?

In the context of the hypothetico-deductive method, what is the role of an empirical study?

Zajonc's use of a straight runway and a cross-shaped maze for cockroaches was a way to test his hypothesis about what?

Which of these concepts is a part of Zajonc's drive theory that is not directly observed but is used to explain the phenomenon of social facilitation?

The text states that the best hypotheses are often those that distinguish between competing theories. Why is this?

What type of reasoning moves from specific observations or research findings to form a more general hypothesis or theory?

When incorporating theory into research, what is the benefit of using established theories?

The statement 'a good hypothesis must be testable' means that...

In the number-of-examples theory of assertiveness, what was the predicted outcome?

What is the primary reason the term 'theory' in science does NOT imply that an idea is untested, unlike in everyday language?

Why do hypotheses often rely on just a few key concepts?

What did Zajonc's drive theory provide an explanation for?

According to the text, a researcher might generate a hypothesis by focusing on the process of habituation itself, such as predicting that people would show fewer signs of emotional distress with each new writing session. This is an example of what?

The nature of science, as it relates to the 'positive' characteristic of a hypothesis, is to assume something does not exist and then...

How did the researchers in the Schwarz et al. study test the two competing theories of assertiveness judgment?

If a researcher forms a hypothesis that is not derived from a theory, but rather from a collection of specific observations, what is this hypothesis called?

What is the second general characteristic of a good hypothesis mentioned in the text?

The research cycle where a researcher starts with a theory, derives a prediction, conducts a study, and then reevaluates the theory is known as what?

In the context of the Zajonc study, 'social inhibition' refers to the tendency to make incorrect responses for which type of task when being watched?