Resistance of the Body to Infection: I. Leukocytes, Granulocytes, the Monocyte-Macrophage System, and Inflammation

What is the normal percentage of neutrophils among the total white blood cells in an adult human?

What are the primary mechanisms by which granulocytes and monocytes protect the body against invading organisms?

What is the typical lifespan of granulocytes circulating in the blood after being released from the bone marrow?

By what process do neutrophils and monocytes squeeze through the gaps between endothelial cells to enter tissue spaces?

What is the phenomenon by which chemical substances attract neutrophils and macrophages to an inflamed tissue area?

Which of the following is NOT a factor that determines whether phagocytosis of a particle will occur?

How many bacteria is an activated macrophage typically capable of phagocytizing?

The reticuloendothelial system, also known as the monocyte-macrophage system, is composed of which combination of cells?

What is the name of the tissue macrophages lining the liver sinusoids that form an effective filtration system for blood from the gastrointestinal tract?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of inflammation?

What is the primary purpose of the 'walling-off' effect of inflammation?

Which cells provide the first line of defense against infection within minutes after inflammation begins?

The invasion of an inflamed area by neutrophils from the blood constitutes which line of defense?

What is the term for the acute increase in the number of neutrophils in the blood that occurs a few hours after the onset of severe inflammation?

During neutrophilia following acute severe inflammation, by how much can the number of neutrophils in the blood increase?

The third line of defense against infection in an inflamed tissue involves the invasion of which cells?

What constitutes the fourth line of defense in inflammation?

How long does it typically take before newly formed granulocytes and monocytes from the bone marrow are ready to leave and contribute to the fourth line of defense in inflammation?

Which of the following is NOT one of the five dominant factors mentioned as controlling the macrophage and neutrophil response to inflammation?

What is the typical composition of the mixture known as pus?

What percentage of the total blood leukocytes do eosinophils normally constitute?

In which type of infection are eosinophils particularly important for defense?

Which of the following substances is a highly larvicidal polypeptide released by eosinophils to kill parasites?

Basophils and mast cells play a crucial role in which type of reaction due to their propensity to bind with IgE antibodies?

Which cells are responsible for liberating heparin, an anticoagulant, into the blood?

What is the clinical condition where the bone marrow produces very few white blood cells, leaving the body unprotected against infection?

What is a potential immediate consequence if a person's bone marrow completely stops producing white blood cells?

What are the two general types of leukemia, categorized based on the cell lineage that becomes cancerous?

Regarding their ability to provide protection, what is the functional capability of the abnormal white blood cells typically produced in leukemia?

Where in the body are granulocytes and monocytes primarily formed?

How does the number of white blood cells stored in the bone marrow compare to the number circulating in the entire blood?

After a monocyte enters the tissues and becomes a tissue macrophage, how long can it live?

By what factor can a monocyte's diameter increase after it enters the tissues and transforms into a macrophage?

What is the term for the process where a pathogen is coated with antibodies and complement proteins to make it more susceptible to phagocytosis?

Which of the following is NOT one of the powerful oxidizing agents used by neutrophils and macrophages to kill bacteria?

What is the primary function of the macrophages that line the sinuses of the lymph nodes?

What is the main function of the alveolar macrophages found in the lungs?

In addition to their role in immunity, what is a specialized function of macrophages in the red pulp of the spleen?

Why do streptococcal infections generally have a greater tendency to spread throughout the body compared to staphylococcal infections?

What is the name of the process where neutrophils stick to the capillary and venule walls within an inflamed area?

What is the approximate replacement time, or life span, for platelets in the blood?

Which phagocytic cell is particularly effective against bacteria with thick lipid membranes, such as the tuberculosis bacillus, because its lysosomes contain large amounts of lipases?

What is the maximum velocity at which neutrophils and macrophages can move through tissues using ameboid motion?

Up to what distance from an inflamed tissue is the chemotactic signal effective in attracting white blood cells?

The formation of pus in an inflamed tissue is primarily a result of what process?

What is the primary role of colony-stimulating factors like GM-CSF, G-CSF, and M-CSF in the response to inflammation?

What causes eosinophils to migrate toward and collect in tissues where allergic reactions are occurring?

From the multipotential hematopoietic stem cell, what are the two major lineages of white blood cells that are formed?

What is the normal percentage of basophils in an adult human's total white blood cell count?

Which two types of white blood cells are primarily responsible for attacking and destroying invading agents like bacteria and viruses?