The Cell and Its Functions

What are the two major parts of a typical cell as seen by a light microscope?

What percentage of the cell mass is typically composed of proteins?

Which type of proteins are described as being present in the form of long filaments and forming microtubules for the cytoskeleton?

In adipocytes (fat cells), what percentage of the cell mass can be accounted for by triglycerides?

What is the approximate composition of the cell membrane in terms of protein percentage?

What is the name of the loose carbohydrate coat on the entire outside surface of the cell?

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing lipid substances and for detoxifying substances like drugs?

What is the function of the hydrolytic enzymes contained within lysosomes?

Which organelle is referred to as the 'powerhouse' of the cell because it extracts energy from nutrients to form ATP?

What is the primary structural difference between peroxisomes and lysosomes?

What is the main function of microtubules within the cell cytoskeleton?

What is the diameter of the central area of a nuclear pore, which limits the size of molecules that can pass through?

Where does the formation of ribosomes begin?

What is the process of ingesting minute particles that form vesicles of extracellular fluid inside the cell cytoplasm called?

In the process of pinocytosis, what is the name of the fibrillar protein on the inside of the cell membrane that forms a latticework beneath the coated pits?

What is the process called whereby obsolete organelles and large protein aggregates are degraded and recycled by lysosomes?

The Golgi apparatus can synthesize certain carbohydrates that cannot be formed in the endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following are examples of such carbohydrates?

What is the primary substance from which cells extract energy through chemical reactions with oxygen?

What percentage of the cell's ATP formation occurs in the mitochondria?

How many high-energy phosphate bonds are contained in one molecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

Which type of cellular movement is described as a 'crawling-like' motion of an entire cell, such as a white blood cell moving through tissues?

What is the process that initiates ameboid locomotion, where a chemical substance attracts or repels the cell?

The structure of a motile cilium is supported by a specific arrangement of microtubules. What is this arrangement?

What is the function of dynein arms in ciliary movement?

What is the believed function of nonmotile primary cilia, which typically occur as a single cilium on each cell?

Which part of the cell is primarily composed of water, electrolytes, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, collectively called protoplasm?

What is the primary function of cholesterol within the cell membrane?

What distinguishes integral proteins from peripheral proteins in the cell membrane?

The Golgi apparatus functions in association with which other organelle to process molecules and form vesicles?

What is the average life span of a mitochondrion in a liver cell before it is destroyed through autophagy?

Which chemical process, occurring mainly in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, is used to detoxify drugs?

The process of a cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of what?

What is the name of the process by which an antibody attaches to a bacterium to mark it for phagocytosis?

After a lysosome digests a phagocytic vesicle, what is the remaining indigestible substance called?

Which component of the cell's cytoskeleton is described as being 'strong ropelike filaments' with mainly mechanical functions?

What is the process that converts glucose into pyruvic acid in the cytoplasm, accounting for less than 5 percent of the cell's overall energy metabolism?

In the mechanism of ameboid locomotion, the forward movement of the cell is caused by the continual formation of new cell membrane at the leading edge. Where do the vesicles that provide this new membrane originate?

According to the chapter, what is the total complex of tubules and cross-linkages that forms the core of a cilium called?

How much more permeable are potassium channels to potassium ions than to sodium ions, according to the chapter?

What are the infoldings of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion called?

Which organelle contains its own DNA, similar to that found in the cell nucleus, which controls its replication?

The cell has a diameter about 1000 times that of the smallest virus. What is the corresponding volume difference?

In the process of phagocytosis, what provides the force to push the newly formed vesicle to the interior of the cell?

Which bactericidal agent found in lysosomes works by dissolving the bacterial cell wall?

Exocytosis, the extrusion of substances from a cell, is often stimulated by the entry of which ion into the cell?

In the formation of ATP via the chemiosmotic mechanism, what is the terminal event that releases large amounts of energy?

Some renal tubular cells can use as much as what percentage of their ATP for membrane transport?

Which of the following is NOT listed as one of the three major categories of cellular functions that ATP is used to promote?

What is the average thickness of the cell membrane?

How much alcohol consumed by a person is detoxified into acetaldehyde by the peroxisomes of the liver cells?