Conditioning and Learning

In Pavlov's famous experiment, what is the term for the food that naturally causes the dog to salivate?

What type of conditioning occurs when a behavior, as opposed to a stimulus, is associated with the occurrence of a significant event?

According to the chapter, what phenomenon describes when a person who gets sick after drinking too much tequila develops a profound dislike for its taste and odor?

What is the term for the effect where an animal, having first learned to associate one stimulus with a US, does not learn to associate a second, simultaneous stimulus with the same US?

Which of the following is NOT one of the four parts of the observational learning process theorized by Albert Bandura?

In operant conditioning, what term describes a stimulus that signals whether a response will be reinforced?

What does the reinforcer devaluation effect demonstrate about learning in operant conditioning?

After a conditioned response has been extinguished, its re-emergence following a lapse in time is known as what?

What did the Bobo doll experiment, where children observed an adult interacting aggressively with a doll, primarily demonstrate?

The fact that humans and rats are more inclined to associate an illness with a flavor rather than with a light or tone is an example of what concept?

In the alarm clock example, where waking up early (US) causes grumpiness (UR) and is paired with a tone (CS), what does the tone eventually produce?

What is Thorndike's law of effect?

Drug cues that elicit responses that 'compensate' for the upcoming effect of the drug are known as what?

What is the key difference modern thinkers often emphasize between classical and operant conditioning in terms of what is learned?

What is the term for learning that occurs by observing the reinforcement or punishment of another person?

What does the quantitative law of effect suggest about a reinforcer's effectiveness?

Instrumental behavior that occurs automatically in the presence of a stimulus and is no longer sensitive to reinforcer devaluation is called what?

What is the renewal effect in the context of classical conditioning?

According to the chapter, which two individuals first studied and later extended the principles of operant conditioning?

What is the key element required for classical conditioning to occur, as highlighted by the blocking effect?

In the S-R-O framework, what does the S – (R – O) association represent?

Who is credited with developing Social Learning Theory, which includes the concept of observational learning?

In a laboratory, if lever-pressing is reinforced only when a light is on, the light serves as a what?

What is the primary lesson from operant conditioning research regarding voluntary behavior?

Which concept suggests that extinction does not erase the original learning but rather inhibits it in a specific context?

What are social models in the context of Social Learning Theory?

A classical CS, such as a bell that signals food, elicits not just salivation but a whole system of responses. Which of the following is NOT one of the responses mentioned in the text?

What is the primary difference between goal-directed behavior and habit in instrumental conditioning?

According to the chapter, what is a key reason that classical conditioning is still widely studied today?

In the integrated S-R-O framework, the association between the stimulus (S) and the outcome (O) represents which type of learning?

Pigeons learning to peck different buttons in a Skinner box for images of flowers versus cars is an example of using instrumental conditioning to study what cognitive process?

What is the term for the response in classical conditioning that is elicited by the conditioned stimulus after learning has occurred?

What term did B. F. Skinner use for the laboratory cage where a rat learns to press a lever to receive food?

The chapter mentions that a drug user will be most 'tolerant' to a drug in the presence of cues associated with it. This is explained by what mechanism?

How many parts does Bandura's theory propose for the observational learning process?

What is the term for a consequence that decreases the strength of an operant behavior?

Classical and operant conditioning almost always occur at the same time outside of the laboratory. The chapter provides an example of a person reinforced for drinking alcohol. In this scenario, what serves as the stimuli available for association with the reinforcer?

What does the term 'elicited' signify about the response in classical conditioning?

In the later Bobo doll study mentioned, what condition led children in the aggressive group to show LESS aggressive behavior?

What is the primary characteristic of the response in operant conditioning?

Which of the following describes the procedure of extinction in classical conditioning?

Why might a cancer patient develop an aversion to the waiting room of a chemotherapy clinic?

An important distinction of operant conditioning is that it provides a method for studying how consequences influence what type of behavior?

In the S-R-O framework, what does the S-R association represent?

What type of stimuli are typically used as social models in observational learning?

What is fear conditioning?

In the operant conditioning example of a student striving for a good grade, what function do participation points serve?

What does it mean for an operant response to be 'emitted'?

Classical conditioning is involved in many aspects of eating. Flavors associated with which type of nutrients can become preferred?

The final part of Bandura's four-part model of observational learning is motivation. What does this part acknowledge?