Social and Personality Development in Childhood

According to the chapter, social and personality development is best understood as the continuous interaction between which three aspects of psychological development?

What is the primary reason, according to the text, that attachments have evolved in humans?

In the 'Strange Situation' laboratory procedure, how is an infant's attachment style primarily assessed?

Which of the following is listed as a developmental outcome for infants and young children who are securely attached?

Which parenting style is described as having high expectations for behavior, good communication, warmth, and using reasoning over coercion?

The Family Stress Model describes a process where financial difficulties lead to poorer child adjustment. What is the intermediate step that links parental depressed moods to poor parenting?

What is social referencing?

The development of a 'theory of mind' allows a child to understand what?

According to the text, what is temperament?

What does the concept of 'goodness of fit' refer to in the context of personality development?

Conscience development is described as emerging from the interaction of multiple influences. Which of the following is NOT listed as a direct influence on the development of conscience?

What are gender schemas?

According to the table comparing parenting styles, which style is characterized by low Warmth/Responsiveness and high Expectations/Control?

By what age does the text suggest that a young child develops a 'moral self'?

What challenge in peer relationships can foreshadow later behavior problems, especially when the rejection is due to aggressive behavior?

The chapter gives an example of an 18-month-old watching an adult fail to drop a necklace into a cup. What does the child's subsequent action of putting the necklace in the cup demonstrate?

What is the term for a temperament quality that enables children to be more successful in motivated self-regulation?

How do peer relationships in adolescence change to differ from those in earlier childhood?

What is the term for the parent-child relationship in adolescence where both parent and child recognize the child's growing competence and rebalance authority relations?

How is the development of social understanding primarily based, according to the text?

Insecurely attached infants are described as often being a byproduct of what?

According to the table on parenting styles, which style is characterized by high Warmth/Responsiveness and low Expectations/Control?

Besides temperament, what other features are mentioned as making up a child's personality?

What is the term for the developmental outcome that includes the capacity to engage in socially constructive actions and curb hostile impulses?

According to the chapter, what is considered an early foundation for moral development?

In what context do children first learn skills for managing conflict, such as turn-taking, compromise, and bargaining?

What does the text say about the long-term adjustment of most children after a divorce?

By late in the preschool years, children's developing theory of mind allows them to understand which complex concept about others' mental states?

An adventurous child whose parents regularly take her on hiking and fishing trips is used as an example of what concept?

What is the key difference between social understanding in infants who are thought to be egocentric versus what developmental scientists now realize?

Which parenting style is characterized by being supportive and showing interest in a child's activities without being overbearing?

What is described as an important source of affirmation and self-esteem for a child, where its absence can foreshadow later behavior problems?

The chapter explains that personality development begins with the biological foundations of temperament but becomes more what over time?

How do conversations with parents about everyday experiences contribute to a child's social understanding?

The development of gender identity is described as an interaction among which three types of influences?

What is the security of attachment considered to be an important cornerstone of?

According to the chapter, what might cause a child who is not athletic to feel unworthy and revert to shy behavior?

A newborn who cries frequently doesn't necessarily have a grumpy personality. What does the text suggest could lead this child to be less likely to cry over time?

Which of the following best describes an uninvolved parenting style based on the provided table?

The text states that infants become securely attached when their parents respond in what way?

What is the second perspective, besides social context and children's representations, that the chapter states is required to understand social and personality development?

What does a mutually responsive relationship between parents and young children motivate the children to do, according to the section on conscience?

The chapter mentions a study on children with the 5-HTTLPR gene allele. What did this study illustrate?

In addition to friendships, what do peer relationships provoke the development of, according to the text?

What is the term for a parenting style where parents have low expectations for children's behavior and are also low in warmth and responsiveness?

The chapter's conclusion emphasizes that early influences are important but not what?

Infants who are insecurely attached are said to respond in which ways?

What does attachment theory propose shapes young children's developing concepts of the self and how to interact with people?

As children mature and parent-child relationships change, what factor further shapes the quality of these relationships?

Besides personal disclosure and vulnerability, what other quality becomes a focus of adolescent peer relationships?