Mood Disorders

What is the core criterion for a major depressive episode (MDE) that must be present for at least two weeks, along with other symptoms, to cause significant distress or impairment?

According to a nationally representative sample, what is the lifetime prevalence rate for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

How is a manic episode distinguished from a hypomanic episode?

What diagnosis is characterized by one or more Major Depressive Episodes (MDEs) but no history of manic or hypomanic episodes?

For a diagnosis of Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD), a person cannot be without symptoms for more than how long at a time?

What is the estimated percentage of people diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder (BD) who will attempt suicide at least once in their lifetimes?

How much more likely are women to experience Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) than men?

Which diagnosis is characterized by a single or recurrent manic episode, where a depressive episode is not necessary but commonly present?

According to the text, what percentage of people with MDD also experience an anxiety disorder at some point in their lives?

What is the term for the loss of interest or pleasure in things that one typically enjoys, a core symptom of a major depressive episode?

What type of environmental stressor is specified as being strongly related to depression, particularly in predicting the first Major Depressive Episode?

In the etiology of MDD, what is the term for a person's general way of thinking that involves making internal, global, and stable attributions to negative events?

Which class of antidepressant medications, the earliest developed, can cause dangerously high blood pressure if patients consume foods containing tyramine?

According to social zeitgeber theory, stressors that disrupt what specific factor can trigger a relapse in people with Bipolar Disorder?

What is the first-line medication choice for treating Bipolar Disorder, as it acts on several neurotransmitter systems and is effective, though it can have difficult side effects?

What is the name of the psychosocial intervention for Bipolar Disorder that focuses on increasing the rhythmicity of patients' lives and maintaining a stable balance of activity and stimulation?

Recovery from a Major Depressive Episode (MDE) begins within three months for what percentage of people with MDD?

What is the average age of onset for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

In a cross-national study of more than 60,000 adults, the United States had the highest lifetime prevalence of Bipolar Disorder (BD) at 4.4 percent, while which country had the lowest at 0.1 percent?

Which of the following is NOT listed as a required symptom for Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)?

What term refers to a distinct period of abnormally and persistently euphoric, expansive, or irritable mood and increased goal-directed activity or energy, lasting for at least four days?

What is considered a significant risk period for the onset of Bipolar Disorder (BD), with mood symptoms starting by this time in roughly half of all cases?

Which biological treatment for severe depression involves inducing a seizure after a patient takes muscle relaxants and is under general anesthesia?

What is the relationship between Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and socioeconomic status (SES)?

Unlike Bipolar I Disorder, Bipolar II Disorder is characterized by which types of episodes?

What type of psychotherapy for depression focuses on increasing the frequency and quality of experiences that are pleasant or help the patient achieve mastery?

Among people with Bipolar Disorder (BD), which ethnic groups were found to be more likely to remain persistently ill than European Americans?

Which environmental factor is mentioned as being able to adversely impact the course of Bipolar Disorder (BD), leading to more manic symptoms?

What is the minimum duration of numerous and alternating periods of hypomania and depression required for a diagnosis of cyclothymic disorder?

In the context of a manic or hypomanic episode with an irritable mood, how many additional symptoms must be concurrently present for a diagnosis?

What is the most commonly prescribed class of antidepressant medication, which works by blocking the reabsorption of serotonin?

Which psychological therapy focuses primarily on helping patients identify and change distorted automatic thoughts and assumptions, as developed by Aaron Beck?

What does research suggest about the familial influence on Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

What percentage of the US population is estimated to meet criteria for a Bipolar I (BD I) disorder?

In the context of perinatal depression, feelings of what are described as contributing to a mother's reluctance to divulge her experience to others?

According to the DSM-5, how many symptoms from a list of nine must be present for a diagnosis of a Major Depressive Episode (MDE)?

Which psychological therapy for depression focuses on improving relationships by targeting unresolved grief, role disputes, role transitions, and interpersonal deficits?

What is the primary reason given for why SSRIs and SNRIs are not the first-line treatment choice for Bipolar Disorder?

What percentage of people with Bipolar Disorder (BD) meet the diagnostic criteria for at least one additional psychiatric disorder?

Which class of antidepressant medications is described as being most effective for treating vegetative and somatic symptoms of depression but is also concerningly cardiotoxic?

What is the minimum duration a person must experience depressed mood most of the day for more days than not to meet the criteria for Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)?

Research into the neural circuitry of MDD using fMRI has shown that when viewing negative stimuli, participants with MDD have greater activation in brain regions involved in what?

Which environmental factor is mentioned as a predictor of increases in depressive symptoms, where the symptoms themselves also predict an increase in this factor?

If a person meets the criteria for a Major Depressive Episode (MDE) while also meeting the criteria for Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD), what diagnosis will they receive?

The World Health Organization ranks both major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) among the top how many leading causes of disability worldwide?

What is the term for a symptom of a manic or hypomanic episode that involves an inflated self-esteem or an exaggerated sense of self-importance?

The side effects of which mood stabilizing medication include impaired cognitive function, nausea, tremor, weight gain, and fatigue?

The gender difference in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) rates, where women have higher rates than men, emerges during which developmental period?

What is the core rationale of cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBT) for mood disorders?

About what percentage of people who experience one Major Depressive Episode (MDE) will go on to experience a second one?