The Neurological Exam

Which subset of the neurological exam is designed to assess higher cognitive functions such as memory, orientation, and language?

What is the term for a stroke caused by bleeding into the brain due to a damaged blood vessel?

Which neurodegenerative disorder is specifically characterized by the decreased production of dopamine in the substantia nigra?

Huntington’s disease is described as a genetic disorder resulting from a dominant gene located on which chromosome?

Within the context of the mental status exam, what is the specific term for the inability to make future memories?

Damage to which specific area of the brain is responsible for expressive aphasia, which is characterized by broken or halted speech with incorrect grammar?

The ability to recognize numbers or letters written on the palm of the hand with a dull pointer is a sensory perception process known as what?

Which hearing test uses a tuning fork placed on top of the skull to differentiate between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss?

During gaze control tests, what is the term for the change in the focal power of the eye, controlled by the oculomotor nerve, to keep a stimulus in focus as it moves closer?

When testing the plantar reflex, what constitutes a positive Babinski sign in an infant?

Which of the following signs would suggest a lesion in the Upper Motor Neurons (UMN)?

The cerebellum, which is critical for coordination and balance, accounts for approximately what percentage of the brain's total mass?

What is the name for the type of gait test where the patient places the heel of one foot directly against the toe of the other foot and walks in a straight line?

What is the clinical term for a loss of coordination in voluntary movements, which can be caused by various factors including alcohol, stroke, or genetic disorders?

What is the common name for the short-term memory assessment where a patient is given three words, such as 'book, clock, train', and asked to recall them after a brief delay?

A patient who cannot understand what is said to them, and also does not comprehend what they are saying themselves, is exhibiting signs of which condition?

In the cerebellum, the highly folded gray matter of the cerebellar cortex surrounds a branching pattern of white matter known by what name?

The clasp-knife response, where a patient initially resists passive movement of a limb but then suddenly releases, is a sign indicating a lesion in which type of neuron?

What is the name of the test used to assess balance where the patient is asked to stand with feet together and then close their eyes?

A lack of muscle tone, also known as hypotonicity or flaccidity, is a potential indicator of a problem with which type of neuron?

A Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) is characterized by stroke-like symptoms that resolve within what specific time frame?

Which condition is a progressive, degenerative disorder that specifically affects motor neurons in the spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebral hemispheres?

What condition is described as an autoimmune disease that causes the deterioration of myelin affecting axons in the optic nerve, brain, and spinal cord?

What is the name of the subtest in the mental status exam where a patient performs a task based entirely on a verbal description, without any demonstration from the examiner?

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the movement of the eyeball via the lateral rectus muscle?

What is the clinical term for the loss of the sense of taste?

Bell's Palsy, which is characterized by muscle weakness causing one half of the face to droop, is a condition associated with which cranial nerve?

Pronator drift, where an extended arm unconsciously relaxes toward a pronated position with the eyes closed, is considered a sign of a lesion in which neurons?

In the context of Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) diseases, what term is used to describe the paralysis that involves a complete or partial loss of muscle tone?

What is the name of the midline structure that separates the two hemispheres of the cerebellum?

What is the name of the reflex that depends on cerebellar input to stop a muscle contraction after resistance is suddenly removed, which is tested by having a patient flex their elbow against resistance?

In the cerebral cortex, what type of processing regions are located adjacent to primary areas and are responsible for further processing of modality-specific input?

What type of aphasia is characterized by a patient's inability to connect their understanding of speech with the production of speech, leading to an inability to accurately repeat spoken language?

The Rinne test, which compares sound conduction through the temporal bone versus through the ossicles, is used to identify what type of hearing problem?

What are the rapid, conjugate movements of the eyes used to survey a complex visual scene or follow a moving object called?

The action of shrugging the shoulders is controlled by the trapezius muscles, which are innervated by which cranial nerve?

In the leg, what is the common name for the reflex test that assesses the quadriceps muscle?

Which of the following signs is specifically associated with a Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) lesion?

What is the term for the fold-like wrinkles on the surface of the cerebellum?

Which specific subset of the neurological exam assesses the motor function of walking and is considered part of the coordination exam?

According to the text, at what age range do the symptoms of Huntington's disease typically first appear?

In the cerebral cortex, where are multimodal integration areas, which can process multiple sensory modalities together, typically found?

What is the specific term used to define the loss of memories of events that occurred in the past?

What is the term for the process of naming objects based solely on the somatosensory information gained from manipulating them with the eyes closed?

The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) coordinates various sensory and motor components to achieve what crucial function for the visual system?

How are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue distinguished from the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Visceral senses are typically below the threshold of conscious perception because they are primarily involved in what function?

What is the term for an excess contraction in resistance to stretch, which is a sign of an Upper Motor Neuron lesion and can lead to hyperflexia?

Which anatomical feature separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum?

The subtest of the gait exam known as 'station' begins with the patient performing what action?