The Endocrine System

According to the overview of the endocrine system, what are hormones?

Which layer of the adrenal cortex is the outermost layer that synthesizes and secretes aldosterone?

The adrenal medulla consists mostly of modified sympathetic nerves and secretes which two catecholamines into the bloodstream?

In the thyroid gland, what is the term for the substance in the follicles which is an iodine-rich precursor to thyroid hormones?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the parathyroid glands in response to what condition in the plasma?

Which cells within the pancreatic islets are responsible for releasing insulin?

What is the term for the process in which oocytes are released from the ovary?

The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, which is an extension of brain tissue, is also known by what name?

How many hormones are secreted from the posterior pituitary?

In the anterior pituitary, the hormones growth hormone (GH) and prolactin are released from which type of cell?

What is the primary function of the hormone calcitonin, which is synthesized by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid?

What is the primary class of hormones produced by the gonads (ovaries and testes)?

The pituitary gland extends below the inferior aspect of the brain and is connected to the hypothalamus by what stalk-like structure?

If an autoimmune disorder targets the alpha cells in the pancreatic islets, the production of which hormone would be directly affected?

Which of the following is an anterior pituitary hormone?

How many hormones are released from the anterior pituitary gland?

The release of hormones in the endocrine system is regulated through feedback mechanisms. Which type is used to inhibit further hormone secretion when a sufficient amount has been released?

In the pre-laboratory questions, a scenario describes a student in a car accident who, though unhurt, experiences pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and rapid breathing. What type of endocrine system stimulus did the student receive?

The adrenal glands are attached superiorly to which organ?

How do endocrine glands differ from exocrine glands, as implied in the Pre-Laboratory Questions?

The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. What are the clusters of endocrine cells scattered throughout the pancreas called?

What is the key difference in tissue type between the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland?

Which hormone, produced by the testes, plays a role in regulating the development and maturation of sperm alongside testosterone?

The zona fasciculata is the middle layer of the adrenal cortex and secretes cortisol in response to which hormone from the anterior pituitary?

What is the net result of parathyroid hormone (PTH) activity on the body?

Somatostatin is known by another name, growth hormone inhibiting hormone. In addition to being released from the pancreas, from which other gland is this hormone released to regulate the pituitary gland?

Which of the following hormones is NOT classified as a steroid hormone?

What is the primary action of insulin, which is released from beta cells in the pancreatic islets?

Where are the hormones released from the posterior pituitary, ADH and oxytocin, actually synthesized?

Which hormone, produced by the ovary, plays a significant role in preparing the body for pregnancy if an oocyte is fertilized?

What are the three sub-regions or layers of the adrenal cortex, from most superficial to deepest?

How many parathyroid glands are typically found on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland?

The cells responsible for the synthesis and release of PTH in the parathyroid gland are called chief cells. What is the other type of cell present in these glands whose function is not clear?

Oocytes, the female gametes, develop within what structures located in the cortex of the ovary?

In males, sperm are produced within the seminiferous tubules of the testes. What is the main male sex hormone produced by the testes?

Which hormone is NOT released from a basophil cell in the anterior pituitary?

The anterior pituitary is composed of three distinct cell types based on staining. What are the cells that appear blue when stained with basic dyes called?

Which part of the endocrine system is often described as the 'master gland' because it secretes hormones that regulate the activity of other endocrine glands?

What is the action of glucagon, which is released from the alpha cells of the pancreas?

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located on the anterior aspect of the larynx. What is the thin band of glandular tissue connecting the right and left lobes called?

The zona reticularis, the deepest layer of the adrenal cortex, secretes what class of hormones?

What is the general action of somatostatin released from delta cells within the pancreatic islets?

Which of the following is an action of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)?

What are the two hormones secreted from the posterior pituitary?

The classic regulatory arrangement where hormones released from target glands 'feed back' to inhibit the hypothalamus and pituitary is known as what?

What is the primary effect of the two main thyroid hormones, T3 and T4?

Chemical signaling that affects neighboring cells is called what?

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is also known as the adenohypophysis, while the posterior lobe is known as the what?

Which of the following is NOT one of the three estrogens produced by the ovary?

In the hypothalamic-pituitary-target gland axis, what does the hypothalamus secrete to regulate the anterior pituitary?