Development and Inheritance

What was the infant mortality rate in the United States in 2020, as stated in the text?

Which of the following is NOT listed as one of the five leading causes of infant death in the United States in 2020?

What is the process called that sperm must undergo within the female reproductive tract to improve motility and alter the acrosome membrane?

What are the two protective layers surrounding an ovulated oocyte that sperm must penetrate?

What is the primary purpose of the cortical reaction in the oocyte?

In the context of embryonic development, what is a morula?

Which structure of the blastocyst develops into the fetal portion of the placenta?

The process of gastrulation is responsible for establishing what fundamental structures in the embryo?

At which week of development does the fetal stage officially begin?

What is the function of the three shunts (ductus venosus, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriosus) in the fetal circulatory system?

According to the developmental timeline, at approximately what week do the sex organs differentiate?

Which hormone is primarily responsible for preventing the development of new ovarian follicles and suppressing uterine contractility during pregnancy?

By what percentage does the maternal blood volume increase during pregnancy?

What is the role of oxytocin in the period immediately following childbirth?

What is colostrum, and what is its main benefit for the newborn?

What is the difference between a person's genotype and their phenotype?

In the case of sickle cell anemia, the allele for the condition (HbS) is recessive to the normal allele (HbA). What genotype must an individual have to have sickle cell disease?

How many alleles for each gene does a person have in a diploid cell, and how many in a haploid gamete like a sperm or egg cell?

What event triggers the acrosome reaction in sperm?

What happens to the zygote during the process of cleavage?

According to Figure 28.4, what must the embryo do just before it can implant into the endometrium of the uterus?

Which developmental milestone is indicated to occur at 20 weeks of gestation in Figure 28.6?

What is the primary function of the placenta during development?

What physiological change immediately follows a newborn's first breath?

What is the distinction between foremilk and hindmilk in mature breast milk?

What is the final stage of pre-embryonic development before implantation occurs?

In the process of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), where is the zygote surgically implanted after fertilization and initial division?

What is the term for the individual cells that are formed during the early cleavage divisions of the zygote?

Which of the four embryonic membranes forms the fetal portion of the placenta?

What is the approximate size of a fetus at the beginning of the fetal period (around 9 weeks) and at full term (around 40 weeks)?

Which developmental process begins with the formation of the three primary germ layers and results in the establishment of the basic plan for all organ systems?

What are the two main factors that lead to increasing uterine irritability and prompt labor toward the late stages of pregnancy?

How does a newborn primarily keep warm after birth?

Which hormone's release is triggered by the act of suckling and what does it stimulate?

What term is used for variants of genes that are found at the same location on a chromosome?

Which of these is NOT an obstacle for sperm traveling to the oocyte as described in the text?

What is the name for the fluid-filled cavity that forms within a blastocyst?

By what percentage does the respiratory minute volume increase during pregnancy?

At which week of fetal development do the bones fully develop?

What does a diploid zygote result from?

A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA, which may or may not manifest in an observable characteristic, is called a what?

Which hormone, secreted by the corpus luteum and later the placenta, is responsible for maintaining the pregnancy and promoting fetal viability?

What is the function of the digestive enzymes contained in the acrosome of a sperm?

The outer cells of the blastocyst that surround the inner cell mass and fluid-filled cavity are called what?

What is the primary role of the foramen ovale in fetal circulation?

What event marks the completion of fertilization?

At 36 weeks of fetal development, which major system is highlighted as being fully developed according to Figure 28.6?

What is the first substance consumed by a newborn that floods its sterile gastrointestinal tract with beneficial bacteria?

Following implantation, embryonic cells differentiate and separate into an embryonic disc and establish three primary germ layers. What is this process called?

Which of the following describes the correct path of development from a zygote to a blastocyst?