The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

What are the two major anatomical divisions of the nervous system as described in the text?

In the context of nervous system terminology, what is a localized collection of neuron cell bodies referred to within the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

Which functional division of the nervous system is responsible for controlling digestive organs and is found exclusively in the periphery?

Which type of glial cell is responsible for myelinating axons within the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

According to the description of a multipolar neuron, what is the primary function of dendrites?

In the process of generating an action potential, what event immediately follows the initial stimulus and starts the depolarization of the membrane?

What is the term for the faster type of action potential propagation that occurs in myelinated axons?

What is the specific membrane potential threshold that must be reached for an action potential to be initiated, starting from a resting potential of -70 mV?

A depolarizing graded potential at a synapse is called an excitatory PSP (EPSP). What is a hyperpolarizing graded potential at a synapse called?

At a chemical synapse, what event is directly triggered by the arrival of an action potential at the presynaptic terminal, leading to the release of neurotransmitters?

Which neurotransmitter system, found at the neuromuscular junction, uses acetylcholine (ACh) as its neurotransmitter?

How do glial cells in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), such as satellite cells and Schwann cells, differ in their primary function?

In the context of nervous tissue appearance, what component is predominantly found in white matter, giving it its characteristic color?

During which period of an action potential is the voltage-gated Na+ channel inactivated, making it impossible for another action potential to be generated regardless of stimulus strength?

What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump in a neuron's membrane potential?

If a neurotransmitter binds to a ligand-gated channel on a postsynaptic membrane and causes an influx of chloride ions (Cl-), what is the likely outcome?

Which of the following is NOT listed as a type of glial cell found in the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

In the motor pathway described in the chapter, where is the cell body of the upper motor neuron located?

What is the function of ependymal cells in the CNS?

How does the drug cocaine lead to an accumulation of dopamine in the brain's pleasure centers, as shown in Figure 12.1?

Lidocaine is a local anesthetic that works by reversibly blocking voltage-gated sodium channels. What immediate effect would this have on a sensory neuron's ability to transmit a pain signal?

What distinguishes the neurotoxin Tetrodotoxin from the anesthetic Lidocaine, even though both block sodium channels?

If a patient is stung by a scorpion whose venom contains a potassium K+ channel blocker, which step of the action potential would be most directly and significantly affected?

What is a key difference between gray matter and white matter in the PNS?

The summation of which two types of potentials determines if a neuron will reach its threshold and fire an action potential?

Which part of a neuron integrates incoming signals and initiates the action potential?

What is the primary characteristic of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

What is the term for a bundle of axons found in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?

What type of neurotransmitter is dopamine classified as in the text?

How many sodium ions are exchanged for how many potassium ions by the sodium-potassium pump?

Which two major cell types make up nervous tissue?

What is the name for the small gap between two communicating neurons where a chemical signal diffuses?

What is the primary function of astrocytes in the CNS?

The motor pathway is described as being composed of two cells. What are they?

What is the difference between a 'generator potential' and a 'receptor potential'?

According to the description of the action potential stages in Figure 12.7, what causes the repolarization phase?

What is the term for a bundle of axons crossing the boundary between the CNS and PNS, such as the axons projecting from the retina into the brain?

In the spinal cord, where are the neuronal cell bodies primarily found?

What is the main function of microglia in the CNS?

What happens during the 'refractory period' of an action potential?

What is the function of the somatic nervous system (SNS)?

How is a signal transmitted across a chemical synapse?

Which of the following neurotransmitters is NOT an amino acid used as a neurotransmitter?

What is the defining feature of gray matter tissue?

In the example of sensory and motor function, an electrical signal travels along a sensory axon into the spinal cord. How is this signal passed to the next neuron?

Axons can cross the boundary between the central and peripheral divisions. What is a single axon called when it is part of a nerve and then enters the CNS to become part of a tract?

Which part of the neuron is typically insulated by a lipid-rich substance called myelin?

What type of glial cell in the PNS provides support for neuron cell bodies?

What is the result of a depolarizing graded potential at a synapse, such as an EPSP?

What must be removed or inactivated from the synaptic cleft for a chemical stimulus to be limited in time?