Uses and Gratifications of Elihu Katz

Elihu Katz proposed that to save the field of communication research, scholars should shift from asking, 'What do media do to people?' to what alternative question?

What is the fundamental assumption of uses and gratifications theory that was considered revolutionary when first proposed?

What term is used for the view that exposure to a media message affects everyone in the audience in the same way, often referred to as the 'magic-bullet' or 'hypodermic-needle' model?

In Alan Rubin's typology of media uses and gratifications, which motivation is described as watching TV to get together with friends, where the program itself is secondary?

What is the term for a specific effect on behavior that is predicted from media content alone, with little consideration of the differences in people who consume that content?

According to the chapter, what is the term for a sense of friendship or emotional attachment that develops between TV viewers and media personalities?

What controversial assumption must be made for the research methods of uses and gratifications theory to be considered valid?

Which of Alan Rubin's eight motivations for TV use is described as the most basic?

S. Shyam Sundar, a media effects researcher, challenges a core notion of uses and grats by suggesting what about new media technology?

What is a major criticism of uses and gratifications theory regarding its scientific status, as mentioned in the chapter's critique section?

In the example of the Stanley Cup Finals, why did Cheri initially decide to watch the hockey game with her husband Glenn?

What is the driving mechanism of the uses and gratifications theory?

According to research by geneticist Robert Plomin, what percentage of twins' media-choice behavior was NOT due to their biological makeup?

What does the uses and gratifications approach acknowledge that media compete with for our attention and time?

In the context of uses and gratifications, why might extroverts prefer one-on-one conversations over spending time with media?

The chapter mentions a study where people who are willing to tolerate fear in scary movies may do so to experience a sense of mastery. This is compared to what other activity?

What is a typology, as defined in the chapter?

According to the chapter, what additional motivation for media use, not originally in Rubin's main typology, was discovered by Bradley Greenberg and further discussed in relation to TV addiction?

During the first five years of the TV series Marcus Welby, M.D., how many letters did actor Robert Young receive from viewers asking for medical advice?

How did the death of Glee star Cory Monteith illustrate the concept of parasocial relationships in the age of new media?

According to the chapter's critique, what is a potential logical contradiction within uses and gratifications theory?

In Rubin's typology, which motivation explains why a college student might watch TV instead of working on an anxiety-causing term paper?

One of the main criticisms of the uses and grats perspective, as noted by Rubin's review, is that it focuses on description instead of what?

According to the chapter, why would Paul's concern about his roommate Alex's gaming be considered well-intentioned but potentially misguided from a uses and grats perspective?

What does the research on scary movies reveal about the uses and gratifications claim that media affect different people differently?

Which scholar, who argued that the future of communication research was bleak, prompted Elihu Katz to develop the uses and gratifications theory?

In the critique of uses and grats, what is the modified claim made by Rubin to address the criticism that audiences are not uniformly active?

What is the practical utility of uses and grats for a student of communication, according to the chapter's critique?

In Rubin's typology of uses and gratifications, watching TV because it's relaxing after a long day of work falls under which category?

What is one way, as mentioned in the chapter, that marketing researchers have used the concept of parasocial relationships to predict media effects?

The chapter states that the reasons to consume media can change over time. How is this illustrated by the example of Cheri watching the Blackhawks in 2010 versus 2013?

What does the case of the 'Lonely Luke Skywalker' Twitter account demonstrate?

In the scenario with Paul and Alex, Paul remembers the case of a 32-year-old Taiwanese man who died in 2015 after playing a video game for how long?

According to communication scholar Jiyeon So, how can uses and gratifications theory be used to predict media effects, addressing a major criticism?

What is the primary reason news junkies report watching TV, according to Rubin's typology?

The uses and gratifications theory is known for its deliberate shift away from which specific model of media effects?

What reason might media consumers give for watching media violence, according to the 'Excitement' category in Rubin's typology?

The chapter describes a case where a South Korean man died in 2005 after playing a video game for how long?

According to uses and gratifications, the deliberate choices people make in using media are presumably based on what?

What criticism from depth psychologists challenges the testability of uses and gratifications theory?

In the initial 1940 presidential campaign study that influenced Bernard Berelson, what did the research find about the power of radio?

The example of Alex, the college sophomore playing Call of Duty, is used to illustrate that a biological urge for media can be compared to what other urge?

In Rubin's typology, which motivation best describes someone who feels uncomfortable if they miss the news for several days?

How did Alex's behavior change in the example of him playing video games, illustrating Rubin's modification of the 'active audience' concept?

According to the chapter, what has uses and gratifications theory generated a large body of, making it a significant theory in media research?

The example of Chris Staniforth, the 20-year-old British man who died in 2011, involved playing which video game for 12 hours straight?

In the chapter, what is the key difference between the 'Companionship' and 'Social Interaction' gratifications in Rubin's typology?

The chapter mentions that in the late 1950s when Elihu Katz began his work, what percentage of American households had a TV?

In the final critique, Katz's initial notion in the 1950s that uses and gratifications could save the entire field of communication is described as what?

What does the existence of parasocial relationship studies that predict media effects do for the uses and gratifications perspective?