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Questions

Question 1

According to Roland Barthes' semiotic theory, what does a second-order semiological system, also known as a mythic or connotative system, build upon?

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Question 2

In Barthes' analysis of professional wrestling, what does the wrestler Thauvin's 'obese and sagging body' represent in the semiotic system?

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Question 3

What is the primary function of myth in a society, according to Roland Barthes?

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Question 4

In the yellow ribbon example, what was the original denotative sign, as labeled by Donald and Virginia Fry?

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Question 5

According to Charles Sanders Peirce's classification of signs, which type has a perceived resemblance with the objects they portray, looking, sounding, or feeling similar to their referents?

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Question 6

What is the process of unmasking the contradictions within a text, which is the role of the semiologist, called?

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Question 7

In the semiotic analysis of the 'I'd Like to Be Like Mike' Gatorade commercial, what does the young boy's 'rapt gaze' function as in the denotative sign system?

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Question 8

What is a key difference between Barthes' view on the relationship between nonverbal signifiers and their signifieds, and Ferdinand de Saussure's view on the relationship for words?

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Question 9

According to the chapter, a crucial question for critics of Barthes' theory is whether connotative systems are always what?

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Question 10

How did Italian semiologist Umberto Eco cleverly define the focus of semiotics?

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Question 11

What type of sign, according to Charles Sanders Peirce, is directly connected to its referent by cause and effect, such as smoke being a sign of fire?

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Question 12

When a mythic sign is created, what happens to the original denotative sign's historical grounding according to Barthes?

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Question 13

In the critique of Barthes' theory, what example is used to suggest that familiar visual signs might be used to promote resistance to dominant cultural values, rather than always upholding them?

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Question 14

What does Barthes mean when he says ideological signs enlist support for the status quo by 'transforming history into nature'?

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Question 15

Which term did Barthes initially use to describe his semiotic theory, which he later substituted with 'connotation'?

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Question 16

In the film 'Bicycle Thieves', the use of indexical signs is meant to achieve what effect?

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Question 17

What is the 'connotative sidestep' that Barthes identifies as the key to transforming a neutral sign into an ideological tool?

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Question 18

In the semiotic analysis of the 'I'd Like to Be Like Mike' commercial, what is the 'grim social reality' that is utterly stripped from the second-order connotative system?

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Question 19

Which of these is an example of a symbolic sign, according to Peirce's classification?

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Question 20

What is the central argument of the 'monolithic Marxist approach' critique of Barthes' theory?

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Question 21

When the yellow ribbon's meaning shifted to 'pride in victory' during the Gulf War, what did the original denotative sign of 'forgiveness of a stigma' become in the new connotative system?

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Question 22

What does a denotative sign system consist of?

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Question 23

Why do ideological signs, according to Barthes, often provide 'false comfort' to an audience?

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Question 24

Who was the Swiss linguist whose work on the structure of signs, particularly the distinction between the signifier and signified, strongly influenced Roland Barthes?

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Question 25

What is the signified in the denotative sign system of the 'I'd Like to Be Like Mike' commercial?

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Question 26

According to the text, which sign system is defined as a 'mythic sign that has lost its historical referent; form without substance'?

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Question 27

What is the primary reason Barthes believed that semiotic systems in a culture tend to lock in the status quo?

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Question 28

In cinesemiotics, what kind of signs would a director known for realism, aiming to reveal the world as it is, likely rely on?

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Question 29

What does Barthes argue happens to the original meaning of a denotative sign when it becomes part of a myth?

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Question 30

The analysis of the widespread display of yellow ribbons during the 1980 Iranian hostage crisis and later military operations was conducted by which scholars mentioned in the text?

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Question 31

Which of the following best describes the signified in the semiotic analysis of the professional wrestler?

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Question 32

What is ideology defined as in the context of Barthes' theory?

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Question 33

The song 'Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree' provides the basis for the denotative sign in the chapter's main example. How many years was the man in the song in jail?

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Question 34

What is the primary characteristic of a connotative sign system?

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Question 35

When Barthes argues that mythic signs come with a 'crust of falsity', what does he mean?

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Question 36

What is the relationship between the signifier and signified in a sign, according to Saussure's model?

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Question 37

Why did Barthes believe it was important for a semiologist to deconstruct the mythic system?

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Question 38

What is cinesemiotics?

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Question 39

According to the critique section, what is the crucial question for those who interact with Barthes' theory regarding connotative systems?

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Question 40

In Barthes' view, how do mass media like television relate to semiotic signs?

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Question 41

What is the physical form of a sign as perceived through the senses called?

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Question 42

A photograph of a young African soldier saluting the French flag is one of the visual signs Barthes sought to decipher in which of his highly regarded books?

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Question 43

What is the inseparable combination of the signifier and the signified called?

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Question 44

According to the analysis in the chapter, what is the ideological function of the wrestling match where the 'good guy' triumphs?

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Question 45

Which American philosopher developed a model of semiotics with symbolic, iconic, and indexical signs, which is discussed as an alternative to Saussure's model?

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Question 46

What does the 'connotative system' do to the historical referent of a sign?

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Question 47

According to the critique offered in the chapter, what is one reason the majority of communication scholars in the United States might be ignoring the field of semiotics?

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Question 48

The 'glorification of unfulfilled desire' is identified as the second-order sign in which example from the chapter?

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Question 49

Why do mythic signs 'go without saying' according to Barthes?

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Question 50

What does a connotative sign system appropriate from a denotative system to create its mythic meaning?

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Other chapters

Launching Your Study of Communication TheoryTalk About TheoryWeighing the WordsMapping the Territory (Seven Traditions in the Field of Communication Theory)Symbolic Interactionism of George Herbert MeadCoordinated Management of Meaning (CMM) of W. Barnett Pearce & Vernon CronenExpectancy Violations Theory of Judee BurgoonSocial Penetration Theory of Irwin Altman & Dalmas TaylorUncertainty Reduction Theory of Charles BergerSocial Information Processing Theory of Joseph WaltherRelational Dialectics Theory of Leslie Baxter & Mikhail BakhtinCommunication Privacy Management Theory of Sandra PetronioMedia Multiplexity Theory of Caroline HaythornthwaiteSocial Judgment Theory of Muzafer SherifElaboration Likelihood Model of Richard Petty & John CacioppoCognitive Dissonance Theory of Leon FestingerFunctional Perspective on Group Decision Making of Randy Hirokawa & Dennis GouranSymbolic Convergence Theory of Ernest BormannCultural Approach to Organizations of Clifford Geertz & Michael PacanowskyCommunicative Constitution of Organizations of Robert McPheeCritical Theory of Communication in Organizations of Stanley DeetzThe Rhetoric of AristotleDramatism of Kenneth BurkeNarrative Paradigm of Walter FisherMedia Ecology of Marshall McLuhanCultural Studies of Stuart HallUses and Gratifications of Elihu KatzCultivation Theory of George GerbnerAgenda-Setting Theory of Maxwell McCombs & Donald ShawGenderlect Styles of Deborah TannenStandpoint Theory of Sandra Harding & Julia WoodMuted Group Theory of Cheris KramaraeCommunication Accommodation Theory of Howard GilesFace-Negotiation Theory of Stella Ting-ToomeyCo-Cultural Theory of Mark OrbeCommon Threads in Comm Theories