Anatomy of the Nervous System

From which embryonic germ layer does the nervous system develop?

During embryonic development, as the neural folds converge, what structure is formed just beneath the ectoderm?

Which of the three primary vesicles formed during the first stage of brain development is the forward-most and translates to 'forebrain'?

The rhombencephalon, one of the three primary vesicles, develops into which two secondary vesicles?

The adult cerebellum, which accounts for approximately 10 percent of the brain's mass, arises from which secondary vesicle?

Which part of the spinal cord's gray matter is responsible for sensory processing?

Which structure provides the major pathway for communication between the two cerebral hemispheres?

The main sensation associated with the parietal lobe is somatosensation, which is processed in which gyrus?

Broca's area, which is responsible for the production of language, is located in which lobe of the cerebrum for the vast majority of people?

The caudate and putamen, major structures of the basal nuclei that control movement, are collectively known by what name?

Which major region of the diencephalon is described as a collection of nuclei that relay information between the cerebral cortex and the periphery, spinal cord, or brain stem?

The tectum of the midbrain is composed of four bumps known as the colliculi. The inferior colliculus is part of which sensory pathway?

Which structure serves as the main connection between the cerebellum and the brain stem?

What is the term for the tough, fibrous outer layer of the meninges that protects the brain and spinal cord?

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced by filtering blood in special structures found in the ventricles. What are these structures called?

The third ventricle opens into the cerebral aqueduct, which then opens into which ventricle?

What is the most common type of sensory ganglion, which contains the cell bodies of unipolar sensory neurons?

Nerves in the PNS are structurally organized with connective tissue sheaths. What is the name of the outermost layer of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds an entire nerve?

How many cranial nerves are there in total?

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell?

The oculomotor nerve (CNIII), trochlear nerve (CNIV), and abducens nerve (CNVI) are all strictly motor nerves responsible for what function?

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in the human body?

The cervical plexus is composed of axons from which spinal nerves?

The sciatic nerve, the most significant systemic nerve from the sacral plexus, is a combination of which two nerves?

How many pairs of thoracic spinal nerves are there?

Which condition is caused by the failure of the neural tube to close completely during early embryonic development, especially in the posterior region?

Which type of spina bifida is the mildest, where the vertebral bones do not fully surround the spinal cord but the cord itself is not affected?

In the adult brain, the basal nuclei, basal forebrain, and limbic cortex are deep nuclei that belong to three important functional groups within which major region?

Which functional area of the cerebral cortex is described as serving cognitive functions that can be the basis of personality, short-term memory, and consciousness?

The direct motor pathway in the basal nuclei involves a projection of axons from the striatum to the globus pallidus internal segment (GPi) and which other structure?

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus?

The pons, visible as a thick bundle of white matter on the anterior surface of the brain stem, gets its name from the Latin word for what?

What is the name of the long bundle of nerves that resembles a horse's tail, resulting from the continued growth of the vertebral column after the spinal cord has stopped growing in length?

In a cross-section of the spinal cord, which columns are composed of axons of ascending tracts carrying sensory information up to the brain?

The circle of Willis is a confluence of arteries that maintains perfusion of the brain. It is formed by branches of the left and right internal carotid arteries and which other major artery?

Venous blood returns from the CNS through a series of dural sinuses. The superior sagittal sinus, occipital sinuses, and straight sinus drain into which structures?

A lumbar puncture is a procedure to withdraw CSF from the subarachnoid space. This procedure avoids damaging the spinal cord because the spinal cord does not extend through which region of the vertebral column?

The autonomic ganglia that constitute a row of ganglia along the vertebral column and receive input from the thoracolumbar spinal cord are known as the:

Which cranial nerve is responsible for controlling muscles in the oral cavity and upper throat, as well as the sense of taste and production of saliva?

According to the mnemonic 'Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Brains Beauty Matter More' for cranial nerve function, how many of the twelve nerves are purely sensory?

How many of the twelve cranial nerves are classified as strictly motor?

Which nerve plexus arises from spinal nerves C4 through T1 and gives rise to the nerves of the arms?

The adult brain stem, which includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla, develops from which secondary vesicles?

Language function is localized to the left hemisphere in approximately what percentage of the population?

The neural crest, which migrates away from the nascent central nervous system, develops into several parts of which major division of the nervous system?

In the spinal cord, axons enter the posterior side through the dorsal nerve root, which marks what anatomical feature on the surface?

Which spinal cord region is not the full length of its corresponding vertebral column region because the spinal cord stops growing significantly after the first or second year?

The subarachnoid space, which contains circulating CSF, is located between which two layers of the meninges?

The vagus nerve (CNX) is responsible for contributing to the homeostatic control of organs in which body cavities?

Which systemic nerve, arising from the cervical plexus, connects to the diaphragm at the base of the thoracic cavity?