The Neurological Exam

The neurological exam is a clinical assessment tool separated into how many major sections?

What is the diagnostic definition of a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?

What is the primary function of Wernicke's area in the cerebral cortex?

Approximately how many distinct regions of the cerebral cortex did Korbinian Brodmann describe based on his study of cytoarchitecture?

In the case of patient HM, who had his medial temporal lobes removed, what type of memory was he unable to form?

Which cranial nerve is tested by presenting common smells like coffee or mint to one nostril at a time?

What is the function of the trapezius muscle, which is innervated by the accessory nerve?

What is the primary purpose of the Romberg test in a neurological exam?

Which of the following signs suggests a lesion of the upper motor neuron (UMN)?

Which region of the cerebellum is referred to as the spinocerebellum and what is its primary input?

What is the definition of an ischemic stroke?

What does the term 'localization of function' refer to in neuroanatomy?

What is the three-word recall test designed to assess?

Aphasia resulting from damage to Broca's area is known as what type of aphasia?

What is the term for the subtest where a patient is asked to identify a common object, like a coin, with their eyes closed, based only on touch?

What does a vision score of 20/60 on a Snellen chart indicate?

In the Rinne test using a tuning fork, what does it indicate if the sound is conducted better through the temporal bone than through the air next to the ear canal?

Which three cranial nerves are responsible for controlling the six extraocular muscles for gaze control?

What is the term for the medial rotation of the eye along its axis, which is controlled by the trochlear nerve?

When testing the hypoglossal nerve, a deficit on one side will cause the tongue to point in which direction upon protrusion?

The dorsal column pathway in the spinal cord primarily conveys which two types of sensory information?

What does a lack of muscle tone, known as hypotonicity or flaccidity, potentially indicate about the motor system?

In a spinal cord hemisection, why would a patient lose pain and temperature sensation on the opposite side of the injury?

Which cerebellar peduncle is the major physical connection of the cerebellum to the brain stem and is composed of fibers projecting from the pons?

A movement disorder of the cerebellum, presenting as a loss of coordination in voluntary movements, is referred to as what?

What is the name of the subtest in which a patient is asked to touch their finger to the examiner's finger and then to their own nose repeatedly?

In the majority of the population, language functions are localized to which cerebral hemisphere?

What is the function of the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF)?

Which structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres, allowing for communication between them?

What is the primary cause of ataxia associated with Wilson's disease?

What type of memory is defined as the memory of how to perform a specific task, such as riding a bike?

Which cranial nerve exam test involves using a tuning fork placed on the mastoid process to distinguish between conductive and sensorineural hearing?

What is the term for the failure of one eye to abduct while the other adducts during a horizontal gaze movement?

The jaw-jerk reflex is a stretch reflex of the masseter muscle and is a component of which cranial nerve's sensory system?

What is a dermatome?

In the context of the motor exam, what is pronator drift?

The patient subtest that involves reciting nonsense consonants like 'lah-kah-pah' assesses rapid, alternating movements related to what function?

What is the primary difference between the Romberg test and the station subtest of the gait exam?

What does tandem gait, a subtest of the coordination exam, require a patient to do?

The primary motor cortex is located in which gyrus of the frontal lobe?

A patient with damage to the spinothalamic tract would most likely have deficits in which sensation?

Which of the following is NOT a cause of cerebellar ataxia mentioned in the text?

In the Field Sobriety Test (FST), touching the fingertip to the nose with eyes closed is designed to force the driver to rely on what type of information?

What type of memory allows a patient to recall their last birthday party?

The mental status exam assesses the function of which major brain region?

What is flaccid paralysis, a sign of a lower motor neuron (LMN) lesion?

Which of the cerebellar subtests involves the patient stopping an increased contraction when resistance is suddenly removed?

Damage to the middle and inferior temporal lobe is associated with what specific language deficit?

In a patient with a pituitary tumor pressing on the optic chiasm, what type of visual field deficit is expected?

Which of the following is an example of a superficial reflex tested in the neurological exam?