The Endocrine System

In the human body, which statement accurately contrasts the communication speed and duration of the nervous and endocrine systems?

Hormones derived from lipids are known as what class of hormones?

Which hormones are stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

What mineral is an essential and unique component required for the production of thyroid hormones T3 and T4?

Which hormone, produced by the adrenal cortex in response to long-term stress, promotes the catabolism of glycogen, triglycerides, and muscle proteins to provide fuel for the body?

What is the primary function of glucagon, which is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas?

The levels of Growth Hormone (GH) are controlled by the release of which two hormones from the hypothalamus?

What type of chemical signaling involves a chemical that elicits a response in neighboring cells?

Where are the receptors for steroid and thyroid hormones typically located?

In the cAMP second messenger system, what enzyme is activated by a G protein and is responsible for converting ATP to cAMP?

What is the term for the effect where two hormones with similar effects produce an amplified response, such as when FSH and estrogens are required for the maturation of female ova?

The release of oxytocin during childbirth, which causes uterine contractions that in turn signal for more oxytocin release, is an example of what type of regulatory mechanism?

What is the primary trigger that prompts the hypothalamus to signal the posterior pituitary to release antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Which group of hormones from the anterior pituitary are collectively referred to as tropic hormones because they 'turn on' or 'turn off' the function of other endocrine glands?

What is the name of the disorder in adults that results in the growth of bones in the face, hands, and feet in response to excessive levels of Growth Hormone (GH)?

The release of T3 and T4 from the thyroid gland is regulated by which hormone from the anterior pituitary?

What is the underlying mechanism of Graves’ disease, a condition that causes hyperthyroidism?

The secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid glands is a direct response to what condition?

Hyperparathyroidism, the overproduction of PTH, can lead to which of the following conditions?

What is the correct sequence of the three stages of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) in response to stress?

What is the primary function of aldosterone, the major mineralocorticoid released from the adrenal cortex?

In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), what is the function of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)?

What is the approximate ratio of epinephrine to norepinephrine produced by the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla?

Addison’s disease, a rare disorder that causes low blood glucose and low blood sodium levels, results from what hormonal condition?

How does the level of environmental light affect the secretion of melatonin from the pineal gland?

What is the function of the peptide hormone inhibin, produced by both the testes and the ovaries?

Which hormone produced by the placenta promotes progesterone synthesis and reduces the mother’s immune function to protect the fetus?

What percentage of the cells in a pancreatic islet is composed of beta cells, which produce the hormone insulin?

What is the primary function of insulin in the body?

Type 1 diabetes is classified as what type of disease?

The heart has a secondary endocrine function in which its atrial wall cells produce atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). What is the main stimulus for the secretion of ANP?

What is the primary stimulus for the kidneys to produce and release the hormone erythropoietin (EPO)?

What is the function of leptin, a hormone produced by adipose tissue?

The decline in production of which hormone with age is primarily responsible for the reduced muscle mass commonly observed in the elderly?

What is the primary method of communication used by the endocrine system?

How does the half-life of the lipid-derived hormone cortisol compare to the half-life of the amino acid-derived hormone epinephrine?

Where are the hormones released by the posterior pituitary, ADH and oxytocin, actually produced?

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), and endorphins are all produced from the cleavage of which precursor molecule?

A goiter, or an increase in the overall size of the thyroid gland, can be a visible indication of what condition?

What is the primary function of calcitonin, which is secreted by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland?

What is the function of somatostatin, which is secreted by the delta cells of the pancreatic islets?

Which process is stimulated by glucagon in the liver to raise blood glucose levels?

In uncontrolled diabetes, what is the direct cause of excessive urination (polyuria)?

What is the primary endocrine function of the thymus gland?

From which embryonic germ layer do the endocrine glands that produce steroid hormones, such as the gonads and adrenal cortex, arise?

According to the text, what percentage of Americans aged 65 and older have diabetes?

The opposing effects of insulin, which decreases blood glucose, and glucagon, which increases blood glucose, are an example of which type of hormone interaction?

The secretion of prolactin in a non-pregnant woman is inhibited by prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH), which is actually what neurotransmitter released from the hypothalamus?

Which zone of the adrenal cortex is responsible for producing hormones called glucocorticoids, such as cortisol?

What is the name of the disease characterized by chronic underproduction of ADH, which causes chronic dehydration?