Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System

Which of the following is considered a primary function of the skeletal system?

How many bones compose the adult skeleton?

Which category of bone is characterized by being small and round, and embedded in tendons?

What is the name of the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of a long bone?

Which type of bone cell is responsible for resorbing or breaking down bone tissue?

What is the microscopic structural unit of compact bone called?

Which process of bone development involves the formation of bone directly from sheets of mesenchymal connective tissue?

What is the epiphyseal plate composed of?

What is the term for a fracture where the bone is broken into several small pieces between two large segments?

What is the first step in the healing of a bone fracture?

According to the text, what is the approximate rate of bone mass loss for astronauts per month during long space missions?

Which vitamin is essential for the absorption of calcium from the small intestine?

Which hormone, secreted by the pituitary gland, triggers chondrocyte proliferation in epiphyseal plates and increases calcium retention?

Which hormone inhibits osteoclast activity and stimulates calcium uptake by the bones, thus reducing blood calcium levels?

What is the normal level of calcium in the blood, according to the text?

What is the term for a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood?

The carpals of the wrists are classified as which type of bone?

What is the function of the delicate membranous lining of the medullary cavity known as the endosteum?

From which cells do osteoclasts originate?

What is the name of the canals that branch off from the central canal at right angles to extend to the periosteum and endosteum in compact bone?

By which week of embryonic life does the process of bone development, or ossification, typically begin?

During intramembranous ossification, what is the term for the cluster of early osteoblasts where the process begins?

What is the process called where bone increases in diameter?

Annually, about what percentage of the skeleton is remodeled even without injury or exercise?

What is the term for the surgical manipulation of a broken bone to set it into its natural position by exposing the fracture?

Which hormone is responsible for the adolescent growth spurt and also promotes the conversion of the epiphyseal plate to the epiphyseal line?

What is the primary function of red bone marrow?

What are the patellae (kneecaps) classified as?

Which two minerals combine to create hydroxyapatite crystals, giving bones their hardness?

In the zone of a growing epiphyseal plate, which zone contains stacks of slightly larger chondrocytes that are actively dividing by mitosis?

What type of fracture involves a break straight across the long axis of a bone?

What is the primary cell of mature bone and the most common type of bone cell?

Which structure in a long bone becomes the epiphyseal line in early adulthood?

What is the primary component of yellow bone marrow?

What is the name for the lattice-like network of matrix spikes found in spongy bone?

Which type of bone fracture is described as a partial fracture in which only one side of the bone is broken?

Which mineral, besides magnesium, can displace the hydroxyl group in bone's hydroxyapatite crystals to form a more stable and dense crystal structure?

What is the term for a disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass that occurs when the rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate of bone formation, a common occurrence as the body ages?

At approximately what age does bone density typically peak, after which it begins to decline?

Which hormone indirectly increases calcium absorption by the small intestine because it stimulates the synthesis of vitamin D?

What are the spaces within a bone that house an osteocyte called?

Flat bones, such as those of the cranium, consist of a layer of spongy bone known as diploë, sandwiched between two layers of what other type of bone?

What is the term for the process in which matrix is resorbed on one surface of a bone and deposited on another, which primarily takes place during a bone’s growth?

In the process of bone repair, what are the internal and external calli made of initially?

What is the primary function of articular cartilage in a long bone?

Which condition is a genetic disease affecting collagen production, resulting in fragile and brittle bones from birth?

Omega-3 fatty acids are thought to support bone health by what mechanism?

What is the name for the hollow region in the diaphysis of a long bone?

In adults, more than 60 percent of the body's magnesium is found in what location?

Which of the following is NOT a general class of bone markings?