Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria

In photosynthetic eukaryotes, where do the light-dependent and the carbon-assimilation reactions of photosynthesis take place?

What is the net product of three turns of the Calvin cycle?

What is the stoichiometry of ATP and NADPH consumption for the net synthesis of one molecule of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate from CO2 in the Calvin cycle?

What is the primary function of the Pi-triose phosphate antiport system in the inner chloroplast membrane?

Which condition leads to the activation of several Calvin cycle enzymes via the ferredoxin-thioredoxin system?

What is the primary cause of photorespiration in plants?

How do C4 plants minimize photorespiration?

What is the activated form of glucose used for starch synthesis in plant plastids?

What is the key regulatory enzyme in starch synthesis and how is it regulated?

What is the role of sucrose 6-phosphate synthase in plants?

What is the primary role of the terminal complexes, or rosettes, in plant plasma membranes?

What is the proposed initial step in cellulose synthesis in vascular plants?

How do C4 plants and CAM plants differ in their strategy to minimize photorespiration?

In the reductive pentose phosphate cycle (Calvin cycle), which enzyme catalyzes the first irreversible, exergonic step that is not the fixation step?

What is the turnover number of plant rubisco for CO2 fixation at 25 degrees Celsius, and what does this imply about the enzyme?

What is the effect of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F26BP) on sucrose synthesis in vascular plants?

In CAM plants like cacti, when does the initial fixation of CO2 into a four-carbon acid primarily occur?

What is the fate of the two molecules of 2-phosphoglycolate produced by the oxygenase activity of rubisco?

In the synthesis of bacterial peptidoglycan, what is the role of the lipid dolichol?

During active photosynthesis, what changes occur in the chloroplast stroma that help activate Calvin cycle enzymes?

What is the total energy cost in ATP for a C4 plant to assimilate one molecule of CO2 into a triose phosphate, compared to a C3 plant?

In the glyoxylate cycle of plants, where are the cycle's enzymes sequestered?

What is the key regulatory point for partitioning carbon between starch and sucrose synthesis in plants?

Which of the following is NOT a stage of the Calvin cycle?

What is the function of the enzyme pyruvate phosphate dikinase in C4 plants?