Cardiovascular System

What is the approximate volume of serous fluid typically found in the pericardium, which permits the contractile action of the heart?

Which term is defined as the amount of pressure the heart needs to exert during ventricular contraction?

What is the normal time interval for the PR interval on a telemetry strip, representing the time from atrial to ventricular depolarization?

A tachycardic rhythm is defined as a heart rate greater than how many beats per minute (bpm)?

Sinus bradycardia is characterized by a heart rate of less than how many beats per minute (bpm)?

What is the classic feature of a Mobitz I second-degree heart block on a telemetry strip?

Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is considered 'rate controlled' when the heart rate is within what range?

What is considered the normal range for a left ventricle's ejection fraction in a healthy heart?

What is the normal level for serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), a key laboratory test used in diagnosing heart failure?

Which type of heart failure develops when the left ventricle muscle is damaged and weak, and can no longer pump enough blood through the body?

According to Table 12.4 Classification of Blood Pressure, what systolic and diastolic readings define Stage I hypertension?

What is a common, unpleasant side effect associated with the use of ACE inhibitors for treating heart failure that may require a change in medication?

To maximize perfusion outcomes from a myocardial infarction, evidence-based practice recommends activating the emergency medical system to assist with an angioplasty intervention within what time window from the onset of chest pain?

What is the key diagnostic difference between an ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) and a non-ST-elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)?

The Society for Vascular Surgery recommends annual monitoring for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) measuring within what range?

In peripheral arterial disease, what is the term for leg pain experienced during ambulation that is caused by a perfusion defect from narrowed arteries?

What does the P wave on an ECG represent?

When calculating heart rate from a telemetry strip with a regular rhythm by counting the number of small boxes between R-to-R complexes, what constant number is used for division?

What is the primary distinguishing feature of a premature ventricular contraction (PVC) on an EKG compared to a premature atrial contraction (PAC)?

In the event of pulseless ventricular fibrillation, what is the initial and most critical nursing intervention to maximize the chance of survival?

What is the mortality rate associated with asystole?

A weight gain of how many pounds in a 24-hour period is considered suggestive of a heart failure exacerbation?

Which condition is a non-modifiable risk factor for hypertension?

What is the minimum duration a patient should refrain from eating or smoking prior to having their blood pressure measured to ensure an accurate reading?

Which coronary artery is primarily responsible for perfusing the anterior wall of the heart, the septum, and the lateral anterior wall?

What is the recommended single dose of aspirin for platelet aggregation in a patient with a high suspicion of myocardial infarction?

Revascularization with a surgical carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is indicated for symptomatic blockages of what percentage range?

What type of ulcer, often found on the medial or lateral distal part of the leg, has a shallow depth, irregular shape, and may be painless?

What is the primary function of the mitral and tricuspid valves in the cardiac cycle?

In an EKG, a QRS duration greater than what value is considered abnormal and 'wide'?

An ectopic beat that occurs on every third beat is known by what term?

In a third-degree heart block, the ventricular tissue acts as the pacemaker. What is the typical intrinsic rate of the ventricular tissue?

What is the primary purpose of performing a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) prior to cardioverting a patient with an atrial dysrhythmia?

What percentage of individuals with atrial fibrillation also have heart failure (HF)?

Which class of medication is specifically recommended as part of the initial therapy for hypertension in the Black population, with or without diabetes, according to JNC 8 guidelines?

What is the term for the widespread, systemic hardening of the arteries?

What is the term for the initial stretch of the cardiac cells prior to contraction or ventricular filling?

What is the primary cause of a ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) manifesting as a pulsation in the stomach with pain?

What is the primary purpose of using an ankle-brachial index (ABI) test?

Which characteristic is more typical of an arterial ulcer compared to a venous ulcer?

What is the definition of cardiac activity ceasing due to the termination of electrical conduction, also known as 'flatline'?

Which factor is identified as the most significant risk factor for developing Heart Failure (HF)?

For a patient in hypertensive urgency, blood pressure readings may rise as high as what level?

What is the primary physiological consequence of a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery?

When assessing the carotid pulse, why must a nurse avoid occluding the diseased artery?

What is the compression rate recommended for high-quality CPR?

Diastolic heart failure, a type of left-sided heart failure, is characterized by what change in the ventricle?

What is a primary clinical manifestation of right-sided heart failure?

How long must a patient who has undergone an angiography typically lie flat post-procedure to reduce the risk of bleeding from the femoral artery puncture site?

What is the primary pathophysiological event in an ischemic stroke?