Endocrine System and Endocrine System Disorders

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland to promote the growth of body tissues?

What is the primary function of the hormone glucagon, which is released by the alpha cells of the pancreas?

A patient is diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). What is the underlying pathophysiology of this condition?

A patient with diabetes mellitus presents with a blood glucose level above 250 mg/dL, a blood pH of 7.3 or lower, and ketones in the blood and urine. Which emergent complication do these findings indicate?

According to the diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus (DM), which of the following laboratory results would confirm a diagnosis of DM?

A patient with Type 1 Diabetes is prescribed insulin lispro (Humalog). When should the nurse instruct the patient to administer this insulin?

A patient with Type 2 diabetes is prescribed metformin. In which patient condition is this medication contraindicated?

What is the primary cause of a goiter, as described in the section on Dietary Iodine?

A patient is admitted with a thyroid storm. This condition is considered a medical emergency because if not promptly treated, it can lead to death from which of the following complications?

What is the primary disorder caused by an overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to excessive calcium reabsorption from bone?

Which condition is characterized by chronic underproduction of ADH, leading to extreme thirst and the production of more than 3 liters of urine in a 24-hour period?

In a patient with Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Release (SIADH), what laboratory findings are typically expected?

What is the primary cause of adrenal insufficiency, also known as Addison's disease?

A patient is experiencing an adrenal crisis. What is the immediate, initial treatment for this life-threatening condition?

Which clinical manifestation is characteristic of Cushing's syndrome due to excess cortisol?

What is the mortality rate for an untreated thyroid storm?

A patient with suspected Diabetes Insipidus (DI) has a sodium level that falls below 120 mEq/L. What complication is this patient at risk for?

What is the primary therapeutic effect and goal for A1C levels when treating patients with diabetes mellitus?

Which type of insulin has a peak effect of 6 hours and a duration of up to 24 hours?

What is the primary mechanism of action for sulfonylureas, such as glipizide, in treating T2DM?

A diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency is confirmed in a patient with a morning serum cortisol level less than what value?

What is the term for the process by which hormones are secreted into the extracellular fluid and transported via the bloodstream to bind to receptors on target cells?

Myxedema coma is a severe complication of which endocrine disorder?

What is the primary role of a hormone receptor?

A patient with T2DM has a random blood glucose level of 180 mg/dL without symptoms of hyperglycemia. According to the diagnostic criteria in the text, does this result confirm a diagnosis of DM?

Which of the following is considered a macrovascular complication of diabetes mellitus?

What is the primary treatment for hypothyroidism?

A patient with hypoparathyroidism may exhibit a positive Chvostek’s sign, which is an indicator of what electrolyte imbalance?

What is the primary treatment for persistent SIADH that prevents free water retention caused by excess ADH?

Cushing's disease is a specific type of Cushing's syndrome caused by what?

What is the typical timeframe for the maturation and remodeling phase of wound healing?

What is the term for new connective tissue with fragile, thin-walled capillaries that appears pink or red in a healthy, healing wound?

A patient has a Stage 3 pressure injury. Which tissue layer would be visible in the ulcer?

When using the linear or clock method to measure a wound, how is the length of the wound oriented and measured?

What type of topical wound dressing is specifically designed to donate moisture to a dry, desiccated wound?

A patient with diabetes has a venous leg ulcer with moderate to heavy exudate. Which type of dressing would be most appropriate for this wound?

The release of glucocorticoid hormones from the adrenal glands is regulated by a negative feedback loop. When glucocorticoid concentrations in the blood rise, what is the resulting action?

What is the primary role of osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus in response to high blood osmolarity?

A patient with suspected hyperparathyroidism would be expected to have what finding on a serum calcium test?

What is the primary risk factor for thyroid cancer mentioned in the text?

What is a significant long-term complication of hyperparathyroidism due to excessive calcium reabsorption from bone?

When treating a patient for an adrenal crisis, what is the mortality rate if the condition is not addressed immediately?

A patient with Cushing's syndrome is given a low dose of dexamethasone at night for a suppression test. What result is expected the next morning?

Which hormone, produced by the adrenal cortex, is crucial for managing blood pressure and electrolyte balance?

Gestational diabetes (GDM) affects up to what percentage of all pregnancies?

In a patient with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), what is a key differentiating feature from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

What type of stimuli involves changes in blood levels of non-hormone chemicals, like nutrients or ions, causing the release or inhibition of a hormone?

Hungry bone syndrome is a potential complication that can occur after surgical correction of which endocrine disorder?

What is the primary reason that stable eschar on the heel of an ischemic limb should not be softened or removed?

What is the most common cause of Cushing's syndrome?