13. Digestive System

Which of the following is identified as the primary digestive organ in the body, where most digestion and virtually all absorption occur?

What is the approximate length of the esophagus, the muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach?

What is the function of the uvula and soft palate during swallowing?

Which term describes the rhythmic waves of muscle contraction that propel food through the esophagus and the rest of the digestive tract?

The small intestine is named 'small' because of its relatively smaller diameter compared to the large intestine. What are the respective diameters of the small and large intestines?

What are the three accessory digestive organs whose activities are essential for chemical digestion in the small intestine?

What is the primary digestive function of the liver?

Bilirubin, the main pigment in bile, is a waste product from the breakdown of old or damaged red blood cells. What color does it give to bile and what pigment does it eventually become to give stool its characteristic color?

What is the term for the large fold in the stomach that is visible when the stomach is empty and deflated?

Which of the six activities of digestion refers to the entry of food into the alimentary canal through the mouth?

What is the acidic 'soup' created in the stomach when it churns and mixes food with digestive juices?

The pancreas has both exocrine and endocrine functions. What is its exocrine function in digestion?

According to the text, approximately what percentage of nutrients does the body absorb through the small intestine?

What is the function of the gallbladder's mucosa?

Which condition is characterized by the inflammation of the gallbladder, often due to blockage by gallstones?

Hepatitis A is a viral infection of the liver. How is it primarily transmitted?

Which part of the pharynx is involved only in breathing and speech, not digestion?

What is the average amount of saliva secreted each day?

The opening between the oral cavity and the throat (oropharynx) is called the:

Which sphincter controls the movement of food from the esophagus into the stomach?

From proximal to distal, what are the three regions of the small intestine?

What is the function of the ileocecal valve?

Which part of the colon travels up the right side of the abdomen?

What is the term for the process of breaking down fat into smaller blood cells, which is accomplished by bile?

What is the approximate surface area of the small intestine, necessary for its complex processes of digestion and absorption?

What is a key difference between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis?

Which procedure involves a physician examining the upper gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach, duodenum) with a special instrument called an endoscope?

What is the medical term for the surgical removal of the appendix?

The condition of having gallstones in the common bile duct is known as:

What is the medical term for difficulty swallowing?

Which term describes a type of chronic, progressive liver disease in which liver cells are replaced by scar tissue?

What is the medical term for black, tarry feces that contain blood?

A hernia that occurs through the diaphragm is known as a:

The final step in digestion, in which undigested materials are removed from the body as feces, is called:

Which structure controls the release of pancreatic juice and bile into the small intestine?

What is the approximate length of the gallbladder?

Which organ is described as a 'winding tube' that attaches to the cecum and contains lymphoid tissue?

Which of these is NOT listed as one of the main functions of the tongue?

The hard palate, which forms the anterior roof of the mouth, is created by which bones?

What is the medical term for the surgical repair of the stomach?

Which cells in the pancreas secrete enzyme-rich pancreatic juice?

The condition of having small pouches or sacs that bulge out from the wall of the colon is known as:

In celiac disease, individuals have an immune sensitivity reaction in the small intestines when they consume what substance?

What is the term for the lymphatic vessels of the small intestine that absorb digested fats?

Which of the four main regions of the stomach is the dome-shaped area located inferior to the diaphragm?

The surgical procedure to remove the gallbladder is called:

According to the 'Passage of Food Through the Esophagus' section, the upper two-thirds of the esophagus consists of which type(s) of muscle fibers?

What is the term for the process of chewing?

Which procedure involves collecting a small sample of feces to be analyzed for abnormal bacterial growth and parasites?

What is the primary function of the large intestine?