8. Nervous System

What are the two major regions the nervous system can be divided into?

Which components make up the central nervous system (CNS)?

What is the primary role of glial cells, or glia, in nervous tissue?

What is the term for the single, important process that every neuron has, which is the fiber that connects the neuron with its target?

What substance is responsible for giving white matter its characteristic color?

The adult brain is separated into four major regions. Which of the following is NOT considered one of these four major regions?

Which structure provides the major pathway for communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres?

Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is separated from the frontal lobe by the central sulcus?

Which brain region functions as a relay station for all sensory information, except for the sense of smell, before it is processed by the cortex?

Which part of the diencephalon is identified as the executive region in charge of the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system?

Which three structures are collectively referred to as the brain stem?

What is the primary function of the cerebellum, also known as the 'little brain'?

What is the term for the long bundle of nerves at the end of the spinal cord that resembles a horse's tail?

The posterior regions of the spinal cord, which develop from the alar plate, are generally responsible for which function?

Which part of a neuron, also known as the soma, contains the nucleus and most of the major organelles?

Which type of neuron, characterized by having two processes extending from each end of the cell body, is primarily found in the olfactory epithelium and as part of the retina?

How many distinct types of glial cells are found within the central nervous system (CNS)?

Which glial cell type in the central nervous system (CNS) has many processes that interact with neurons and blood vessels, and contributes to the formation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?

What is the primary function of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system?

Which glial cells are referred to as CNS-resident macrophages and are responsible for ingesting and digesting diseased or damaged cells and pathogens?

Which type of glial cell is responsible for filtering blood to create cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Which glial cell type is responsible for insulating axons with myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

The somatic nervous system (SNS) is responsible for which of the following functions?

Which functional division of the nervous system is responsible for the involuntary control of the body, primarily for the purpose of maintaining homeostasis?

Damage to which area, located in the lateral aspect of the frontal lobe, is associated with expressive aphasia, where speech production is compromised?

A patient who has suffered a stroke can produce speech fluently but cannot understand the content of what is said to them or what they are saying themselves. This condition is known as receptive aphasia and is associated with damage to which area?

What is the term for the rare condition that presents as an inability to faithfully repeat spoken language, resulting from damage to the white matter tracts connecting the posterior temporal lobe and the lateral frontal lobe?

A neurological test for sensory perception that involves having a patient close their eyes and identify a common object, such as a coin, purely by manipulating it is testing for what specific function?

In what percentage of the population are the language functions of the cerebral cortex localized to the left hemisphere?

What is the underlying cause of multiple sclerosis (MS)?

A patient is diagnosed with a demyelinating disease of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that is the result of an autoimmune reaction. What is this condition called?

What is the medical term for a stroke?

A stroke that is caused by a blocked or narrowed blood vessel, often due to an embolus like a blood clot, is known as what type?

What is a hemorrhagic stroke?

What is the underlying cause of cerebral palsy (CP)?

Which diagnostic procedure involves withdrawing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the lumbar region of the spinal column to diagnose infections like meningitis?

Which diagnostic procedure is used to measure electrical activity in the brain and help diagnose conditions like seizures, altered mental status, and hemorrhage?

According to the text, the brain has over how many neurons?

What is the classification for a neuron that has one axon and two or more dendrites?

What is the name for the gaps found in the myelin covering of an axon, which are important for the way electrical signals travel down the axon?

The autonomic nervous system (ANS), somatic nervous system (SNS), and enteric nervous system (ENS) are divisions of the nervous system based on what criteria?

What is the name of the tough, fibrous, outer layer of the meninges that surrounds the entire central nervous system?

What is the term for a ridge formed by a convolution on the surface of the cerebrum or cerebellum?

Which part of the brain is described as a 'little brain,' covered in gyri and sulci like the cerebrum, and looks like a miniature version of that part of the brain?

The anterior regions of the spinal cord, which arise from the basal plate during development, are associated with which functions?

What is the specific term for the cytoplasm of an axon, which has a different composition from the cytoplasm of the neuronal cell body?

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for controlling the smooth muscle and glandular tissue in the digestive system and is described as a large part of the PNS?

What is the term for a practical exercise in a neurological exam where the patient performs a task completely on the basis of a verbal description without any demonstration from the examiner?

A subtest for sensory perception where the examiner writes numbers or letters on the patient's palm with a dull pointer to test for recognition is known as what?

What is the term for a type of stroke caused by bleeding into the brain from a damaged blood vessel, which results in accumulated blood pressing against brain tissue?