9. Cardiovascular System

According to the text, what are the three main components of the cardiovascular system?

What is the approximate volume of blood each major pumping chamber of the heart ejects per contraction in a resting adult?

Which structure separates the heart from other mediastinal structures in the thoracic cavity?

What are the three layers of the heart wall, starting from the outermost layer?

What is another name for the bicuspid valve, and what chambers does it separate?

Which circulatory circuit transports freshly oxygenated blood to the tissues of the body and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart?

Which blood vessels are the only arteries in the postnatal body that carry deoxygenated blood?

Which part of the heart's electrical conduction system is known as the heart's primary pacemaker?

What is the term for the portion of the cardiac cycle when the heart muscle is relaxed and the chambers are filling with blood?

Which type of cardiomyopathy is described as an inherited condition that results in irregular heart rhythms?

What condition, also called congestive heart failure (CHF), is defined as the inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs?

Which congenital heart defect involves a failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth?

Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cause of which condition following birth, characterized by an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood?

What is the medical term for a heart attack, which results from a lack of blood flow and the death of cardiac muscle cells?

Which two substances, when found at elevated levels in blood tests, are common indicators of a myocardial infarction because they are released by damaged cardiac muscle cells?

Which surgical procedure involves grafting a replacement blood vessel to bypass a blocked coronary artery?

What is the term for the condition in which the resting adult heart rate drops below 60 beats per minute?

Which condition is a medical emergency because the ventricles are not effectively pumping blood, potentially leading to brain death if untreated?

In a third-degree or complete heart block, what structure takes over as the primary pacemaker for the ventricles?

What is the function of an artificial pacemaker?

Which medical professional is responsible for operating the heart-lung bypass machine during open-heart surgery?

What is the term for a weakening in the wall of a blood vessel that causes it to thin and balloon out?

What does the term 'asymptomatic' mean in a medical context?

What is auscultation?

The condition of having an enlarged heart is known as what?

What is the medical term for difficulty breathing?

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a record of what aspect of the heart's function?

What is the term for an abnormal heart sound?

What is the medical term for abnormally high blood pressure?

The inferior vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from which parts of the body back to the heart?

What is the term for the wall of myocardium that separates the right and left ventricles?

What is the condition where the heart muscle becomes thick and inflamed and may also become weak?

A 'sinus rhythm' refers to what?

What is the period of time when the heart muscle is contracting?

According to the text, what is the resting heart rate threshold above which an adult is considered to have tachycardia?

What percentage of myocardial infarctions are estimated to present without any symptoms?

The inner visceral pericardium, which is fused to the heart, is also known by what other name?

What is the primary function of the pulmonary circuit?

In a patient with mitral valve prolapse, what is the direct result of the valve not closing completely?

What is the medical term for chest pain that may be a symptom of coronary artery disease?

What is the definition of arrhythmia?

What is the main component of the heart valves?

What is the cause of the heart sounds heard through a stethoscope?

In a patient with aortic stenosis, what is the underlying problem with the aortic valve?

What is the term for the condition where plaque buildup in coronary arteries obstructs blood flow, also known as hardening of the arteries?

What does a second-degree or incomplete heart block signify?

What is the common name for the anterior interventricular artery?

What happens to the heart muscle in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

In the path of blood flow, which valve does deoxygenated blood pass through to move from the right atrium to the right ventricle?

At an average heart rate of 75 beats per minute, approximately how many times would a human heart beat in one day?