Module 9: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

What defines obsessions in the context of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)?

According to the description of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, how much time do obsessions typically consume to be considered a clinical symptom?

Which of the following is an example of a compulsion as described in the context of OCD?

What is the primary focus of obsessions in Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)?

On average, how much time per day do individuals with Body Dysmorphic Disorder spend preoccupied with their appearance to meet the diagnostic criteria?

What is muscle dysmorphia, a common type of BDD?

What is the key feature of Hoarding Disorder?

What is the approximate prevalence rate for OCD both in the U.S. and worldwide?

How do gender differences in OCD symptom presentation manifest?

What is the mean age of onset for OCD?

What is the point prevalence rate for Body Dysmorphic Disorder among U.S. adults?

In Body Dysmorphic Disorder, what preoccupations are women more likely to have compared to men?

Community surveys estimate that clinically significant hoarding occurs in what percentage of the population?

What percentage of individuals with OCD will also be diagnosed with another anxiety disorder?

Which psychological disorder is described as completing a 'strong triad' with OCD and tic disorder in children?

What is the most common comorbid psychological disorder with Body Dysmorphic Disorder?

Individuals with Body Dysmorphic Disorder are how many times more likely to have made suicide attempts compared to healthy control subjects?

What percentage of individuals diagnosed with hoarding disorder also have a comorbid mood or anxiety disorder?

What is the concordance rate for obsessive-compulsive behaviors in monozygotic twins?

Neuroimaging studies of individuals with obsessive-compulsive behaviors implicate overactivity in which brain region?

According to the behavioral explanation, what type of conditioning begins and maintains compulsions in OCD?

What is the name of the most effective treatment for OCD, which involves repeated exposure to an obsession while preventing compulsive behaviors?

What is the upper-end response rate for Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) in treating individuals with OCD?

What percentage of OCD patients show improvement in symptoms while taking serotonin reuptake inhibitors like clomipramine and SSRIs?

According to research cited in the text, what is the effect of combining SSRIs with Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) for treating OCD?

What is a significant problem with treating Body Dysmorphic Disorder with plastic surgery?

Why has the treatment for hoarding disorder moved away from exposure and response prevention and more toward a traditional cognitive-behavioral approach?

What neurotransmitter deficit is strongly supported as an explanation for obsessive and compulsive behaviors?

Which is NOT listed as a common obsession in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?

What is a key feature of the obsessions in Body Dysmorphic Disorder that distinguishes them from concerns over actual physical disfigurements?

What type of insight specifier would be used for a BDD patient who has absent or delusional beliefs about their appearance?

What is the mean rate of lifetime suicidal ideation for individuals with OCD?

What did the Nestadt and colleagues (2000) study find regarding the heritability of obsessions versus compulsions in family members of individuals with OCD?

According to cognitive theorists, what is the disconfirmation bias experienced by individuals with OCD?

According to the behavioral model, what provides temporary relief to an individual with OCD and reinforces their compulsive behavior?

In the treatment of hoarding disorder, what is added to exposure treatment to address the complex decision-making involved in maintaining possessions?

Which of the following is NOT one of the most commonly hoarded items listed in the text?

Regarding the age of onset for OCD, how do males and females differ?

In what demographic are individuals three times more likely to be diagnosed with hoarding disorder?

Approximately what percentage of individuals with hoarding disorder also meet the criteria for OCD?

What brain pathway is believed to be overactive in individuals with OCD, causing too many impulses to be transferred to the thalamus?

In Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), why must the clinician first teach the patient relaxation techniques?

What is a major barrier to treatment completion for OCD using Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP)?

What are the two effective treatments for body dysmorphic disorder that are also effective in treating OCD?

In Body Dysmorphic Disorder, what is the term for the compulsive behavior of hiding or covering a perceived physical defect?

For which disorder is there a noted high comorbidity with tic disorder, particularly in males with a childhood onset?

What is the cognitive explanation for why individuals with OCD repeat compulsive behaviors multiple times?

What is the temporary outcome for an individual with OCD after performing a compulsion?

In treating hoarding disorder, what is a primary reason many individuals prematurely end treatment?

What did a study by Nestadt and colleagues (2000) find about the relationship between age of onset of OCD and family heritability?