Standard I: Professionalism10 min
This standard covers Knowledge of the Law, Independence and Objectivity, Misrepresentation, and Misconduct. Members must know and comply with the strictest applicable laws and regulations. If a conflict arises between the Code and Standards and local law, members must follow the stricter provision. Members must not knowingly participate in violations and must dissociate from them if necessary. Independence and Objectivity requires avoiding gifts or influences that compromise judgment. Misrepresentation prohibits false statements, omissions, and plagiarism. Misconduct covers dishonest behavior reflecting poorly on professional integrity.

Key Points

  • Follow the strictest of applicable laws or the Code and Standards.
  • Dissociate from any violation of laws or regulations.
  • Refuse gifts that compromise independence; disclose client gifts.
  • Avoid plagiarism and guarantee of returns.
  • Do not engage in fraud, deceit, or dishonesty.
Standard II: Integrity of Capital Markets5 min
This standard addresses Material Nonpublic Information and Market Manipulation. Members must not act on material nonpublic information affecting investment value. However, under the mosaic theory, analysts can use non-material nonpublic information combined with public information. Market Manipulation prohibits practices that distort prices or artificially inflate trading volume with the intent to mislead market participants.

Key Points

  • Do not trade or cause others to trade on material nonpublic information.
  • Mosaic theory allows combining public and non-material nonpublic info.
  • Avoid market manipulation intended to mislead via price or volume distortion.
Standard III: Duties to Clients15 min
This standard covers Loyalty, Prudence, and Care; Fair Dealing; Suitability; Performance Presentation; and Preservation of Confidentiality. Client interests must always come first. Soft dollars must benefit the client. Fair dealing requires equitable dissemination of recommendations. Suitability requires analyzing client needs (IPS) before investing. Performance presentation must be accurate and fair (composites). Confidentiality must be maintained unless illegal activities are involved, law requires disclosure, or the client permits it.

Key Points

  • Place client interests above employer and personal interests.
  • Deal fairly with all clients; fair does not mean equal (e.g., mail vs. email timing).
  • Ensure investments are suitable based on client risk/return profile.
  • Present performance fairly, avoiding misrepresentation.
  • Keep client information confidential with specific exceptions.
Standard IV: Duties to Employers10 min
This standard covers Loyalty, Additional Compensation Arrangements, and Responsibilities of Supervisors. Members must act for the benefit of their employer and not deprive them of skills. Independent practice requires written notification and consent. Additional compensation must be refused unless written consent is obtained from all parties. Supervisors must make reasonable efforts to detect and prevent violations.

Key Points

  • Do not harm the employer or solicit clients prior to leaving.
  • Obtain written consent for additional compensation or outside competing work.
  • Supervisors must implement adequate compliance procedures.
  • Decline supervisory roles if compliance procedures are nonexistent or inadequate.
Standard V: Investment Analysis, Recommendations, and Actions10 min
This standard covers Diligence and Reasonable Basis; Communication with Clients; and Record Retention. Members must exercise diligence and have a reasonable basis for recommendations. Communications must distinguish fact from opinion and disclose investment processes and risks. Records supporting analysis and actions must be retained, with a recommendation of seven years.

Key Points

  • Exercise diligence and thoroughness in analysis.
  • Distinguish between fact and opinion in communications.
  • Disclose basic investment principles and risk limitations.
  • Maintain records to support recommendations (7-year recommendation).
Standard VI: Conflicts of Interest5 min
This standard covers Disclosure of Conflicts, Priority of Transactions, and Referral Fees. All potential conflicts must be fully and fairly disclosed. Client transactions take priority over personal trades. Referral fees (paid or received) must be disclosed to employers and clients.

Key Points

  • Disclose all conflicts fully and prominently.
  • Clients first, then employers, then personal transactions.
  • Disclose referral fees to allow assessment of partiality.
Standard VII: Responsibilities as a CFA Institute Member5 min
This standard covers Conduct as Participants in CFA Institute Programs and Reference to the CFA Designation. Members must not compromise the integrity of the CFA Institute or its exams (e.g., cheating, revealing content). The CFA designation must not be misrepresented or used to imply superior performance guarantees.

Key Points

  • Do not cheat or reveal confidential exam information.
  • Do not misrepresent the meaning of the CFA designation.
  • Do not imply the designation guarantees superior investment results.

Questions

Question 1

According to Standard I(A) Knowledge of the Law, if a member resides in a country with strict securities laws but does business in a country with less strict laws, which laws must the member follow?

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Question 2

A member suspects a client is engaging in illegal money laundering activities. According to Standard I(A) Knowledge of the Law, the member should most likely:

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Question 3

Under Standard I(B) Independence and Objectivity, which of the following gifts is least likely to require disclosure to an employer?

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Question 4

An analyst prepares a research report paid for by the subject firm. The compensation is a flat fee not tied to the report's conclusion. To comply with Standard I(B) Independence and Objectivity, the analyst must:

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Question 5

Which of the following actions constitutes a violation of Standard I(C) Misrepresentation?

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Question 6

Standard I(D) Misconduct prohibits members from engaging in conduct involving:

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Question 7

According to Standard II(A) Material Nonpublic Information, information is considered 'material' if:

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Question 8

An analyst combines public financial reports with non-material nonpublic information gathered from interviewing employees to form a buy recommendation. This action is:

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Question 9

Which of the following is a violation of Standard II(B) Market Manipulation?

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Question 10

Standard III(A) Loyalty, Prudence, and Care requires members to:

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Question 11

Regarding proxy voting, Standard III(A) Loyalty, Prudence, and Care implies that members:

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Question 12

Under Standard III(B) Fair Dealing, 'fairly' implies:

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Question 13

If a firm offers different levels of service to clients, Standard III(B) Fair Dealing requires:

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Question 14

Standard III(C) Suitability requires that before making an investment recommendation, a member must:

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Question 15

When managing a portfolio to a specific index mandate, Standard III(C) Suitability requires the manager to:

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Question 16

A client requests a trade that the investment manager knows is unsuitable based on the client's IPS. The manager determines the trade will have a material impact on the portfolio's risk profile. The manager should:

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Question 17

According to Standard III(D) Performance Presentation, members must make reasonable efforts to ensure performance information is:

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Question 18

Standard III(E) Preservation of Confidentiality requires members to keep client information confidential unless:

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Question 19

Under Standard IV(A) Loyalty, a member leaving an employer must:

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Question 20

A member wants to engage in independent practice for compensation. Under Standard IV(A) Loyalty, the member must:

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Question 21

Standard IV(B) Additional Compensation Arrangements requires written consent from:

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Question 22

Standard IV(C) Responsibilities of Supervisors requires members to:

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Question 23

If a member declines supervisory responsibility because the firm's compliance procedures are inadequate, the member has:

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Question 24

Standard V(A) Diligence and Reasonable Basis requires members to:

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Question 25

When relying on third-party research, Standard V(A) suggests members should:

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Question 26

Standard V(B) Communication with Clients requires distinguishing between:

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Question 27

According to Standard V(C) Record Retention, records supporting investment analyses should be:

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Question 28

In the absence of regulatory guidance, the Standards recommend retaining records for at least:

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Question 29

Standard VI(A) Disclosure of Conflicts requires disclosure of matters reasonably expected to impair:

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Question 30

Regarding stock ownership, Standard VI(A) suggests the most common conflict requiring disclosure is:

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Question 31

Standard VI(B) Priority of Transactions states that investment transactions for clients and employers must have priority over:

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Question 32

To comply with Standard VI(B) Priority of Transactions, family accounts that are client accounts should be treated:

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Question 33

Standard VI(C) Referral Fees requires disclosure of:

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Question 34

Standard VII(A) Conduct as Participants in CFA Institute Programs prohibits:

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Question 35

Under Standard VII(B) Reference to CFA Institute, which statement is permitted?

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Question 36

A firm has a policy prohibiting all personal trading by employees. This policy:

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Question 37

Regarding 'soft dollars', Standard III(A) requires that brokerage commissions be used to:

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Question 38

A member copies a proprietary valuation model from his firm to use at a new job. This violates:

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Question 39

If a member is an independent contractor, the duty of loyalty in Standard IV(A) requires abiding by:

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Question 40

Standard V(B) implies that when using quantitative models, members should:

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Question 41

Which of the following is considered a 'best practice' for Standard I(D) Misconduct?

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Question 42

Under Standard VI(B), if a member is a beneficial owner of an account, that account acts as a:

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Question 43

Regarding 'whistle-blowing', the Standards:

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Question 44

Standard III(B) Fair Dealing requires that when a recommendation changes, clients who are unaware:

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Question 45

Standard I(B) suggests that regarding corporate travel, members should:

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Question 46

Under Standard I(A), if a member dissociates from a violation but the illegal activity continues, the member may need to:

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Question 47

Standard II(A) applies to:

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Question 48

Standard VII(A) prohibits:

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Question 49

Regarding Standard V(A), 'reasonable basis' generally requires:

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Question 50

Standard VI(B) suggests that regarding personal trading, members should:

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