The Media

What term is used to describe the media's role as an unofficial fourth branch of government that checks the other branches?

What is the core idea of agenda-setting theory in the context of media?

According to the text, how many companies own and produce 90 percent of what Americans watch today, creating a media oligopoly?

What is framing theory as it applies to the media?

What term refers to media coverage of political campaigns that focuses on winners and losers rather than on policy issues?

Following his third-place finish in the Iowa caucus, how many times was Howard Dean's 'I Have a Scream' speech played by national networks?

What are online environments where the same opinions are repeatedly voiced to the exclusion of opposing views called?

A study of the Sinclair Broadcasting Group, which provides news to over 70 percent of American households, found that its concentrated ownership led to what changes in content and viewership?

What is the concept of a polarization feedback loop, as described in the chapter?

What did the Supreme Court rule in the Pentagon Papers case regarding the government's argument for prior restraint?

What term describes journalism that relies on catchy titles and human interest stories to drive sales over well-researched articles on civic affairs?

According to the 2021 World Press Freedom Index mentioned in the text, which country ranked 44th, after South Africa and South Korea?

What is described as an enduring value in American news media that refers to the idea that the United States is valued above all other nations, manifesting obviously in war coverage?

The first commercial radio station in the United States was born on November 2, 1920, when it transmitted the results of the presidential election between which two candidates?

In a recent Deloitte study, what percentage of respondents subscribed to a streaming service, compared to the 56 percent who watched TV via cable or satellite in 2021?

The text states that the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is hailed as a model for public ownership. How does it draw its funding?

What term refers to the economic cost for a newcomer to become part of a media marketplace, a cost which the internet has substantially lowered?

According to research on Twitter cited in the text, what travels further and faster than the truth, causing disinformation to spread quickly?

The Center for Countering Digital Hate found that what percentage of misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines was spread by just 12 people?

What does the text identify as a key difference between free media and paid media for political candidates?

The Cambridge Analytica scandal involved the use of questionably obtained Facebook data to create microtargeted ads for which campaigns?

In the 2020 presidential election, Joe Biden's campaign spent over 600 million dollars on television ads, while Donald Trump's campaign spent how much?

What is the primary characteristic of asynchronous content, a feature of online media?

A 2019 Gallup report on global trust in the media noted a wide range of trust in journalists. What was the high percentage of respondents who expressed at least some trust?

According to a chart in the chapter, how did the trust of Republicans in the media change between 2000 and 2020?

What is one of the substantial suggestions the Knight Foundation made for the media to raise levels of trust?

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) advises European governments to tackle media concentration by which method?

What is the term for incorrect information that is spread regardless of intent to mislead?

In a 2018 survey, what was the median percentage of populations in 18 advanced economies that had smartphones?

The term 'muckraker' refers to reform-minded investigative journalists from what historical period in the United States?

What is the primary function of algorithms in the context of social media platforms and search engines?

The text discusses 'pack journalism' as a phenomenon in media. What is its defining characteristic?

By the 1980s, what percentage of American households had a television, marking the height of the 'network era'?

In Mexico, former president Enrique Peña Nieto spent nearly how much government money on media advertising, with the expectation of receiving positive news coverage?

In a study of 97 candidates in 43 elections around the world, what type of rhetoric was found to receive wider media attention and correlate with electoral success?

What is the 'invisible primary' in the context of U.S. elections?

The text points out a paradox in the resilience of print media. What biological reason does University of Texas professor Iris Chyi give for why people still like print?

As of 2021, what percentage of all adults in the United States owned a cell phone?

The origins of the free press in the United States can be traced back to what collection of essays written in the 1720s by British writers John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon?

What does the text identify as a major concern with media concentration, according to Providence College professor Matt Guardino?

According to a study on the news in Japan mentioned in Chapter 12, what factors primarily drive how news is produced and delivered in that country?

In a comparison of US and British arrest warnings, what is a key procedural warning that the UK custody officer must explain, which is not required in the United States?

What did a 2018 study find was a 'homogenizing effect' of 'ownership chains' on newspapers' coverage of foreign policy?

The text notes that in many countries outside the US, the media are partially or wholly owned by the state with positive effects. Which country is cited as having a strong public broadcaster that leads to higher levels of social trust?

What does research suggest is a detrimental effect of negative media portrayals of candidates and elections in Canada?

What is the primary characteristic of the 'network era' of television, as termed by professor Amanda D. Lotz?

The text discusses a significant trend in news consumption in 2020. What percentage of Americans got their news from a smartphone?

In his novel 'The Jungle,' muckraker Upton Sinclair exposed corrupt and inhumane practices in which American industry?

What is a major reason that horse-race coverage of elections is considered problematic?

What term describes the media's power in large part to decide what is a good news story and filter out other topics?

According to the text, a study of United States and Latin American journalists found a shared common definition of a free press. What were the two main functions included in this definition?