Work Motivation for Performance

What are the four major determinants of performance considered by researchers to understand why people perform at different levels?

In motivation theories, what is the difference between 'direction' and 'intensity'?

According to Henry A. Murray's Manifest Needs Theory, what is the distinction between primary needs and secondary needs?

David C. McClelland's research focused in depth on which three learned needs?

Which of the following is a characteristic of a person with a high need for achievement (nAch), according to McClelland?

What does Maslow's concept of 'prepotency' in his hierarchy of needs mean?

How does Alderfer's ERG Theory compress Maslow's five need categories?

In Alderfer's ERG theory, what is 'frustration regression'?

According to Frederick Herzberg's Motivator-Hygiene Theory, what is the primary distinction between motivator factors and hygiene factors?

What does Self-Determination Theory (SDT) posit about the relationship between extrinsic rewards and intrinsic motivation?

In the basic operant model, what are the three distinct steps of the learning process?

What is the primary difference between positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement?

Which reinforcement schedule is described as providing reinforcement after a fixed number of responses must be exhibited?

According to equity theory, how do individuals determine if their work situation is fair?

What is the term for the condition in equity theory where an individual perceives their outcome-to-input ratio to be less than that of a referent other?

Which of the following is an action an individual might take to resolve a state of underreward inequity, according to Adams?

According to Goal Theory, which type of goal generally leads to the best performance?

What is goal commitment, and how does it differ from goal acceptance?

In Expectancy Theory, what does the performance-outcome expectancy, or E2, represent?

What is the term for the degree to which we perceive an outcome as desirable, neutral, or undesirable in Expectancy Theory?

Why might employees in an 'equality-focused' organization, which gives everyone equal pay and raises, develop weak E2 expectancies?

What is 'self-efficacy' and how does it relate to Expectancy Theory?

The chapter's Critical Thinking Case discusses a 2015 Harvard Business Review article that identified six reasons why people work. Which of the following did the article identify as a positive motive?

What is the key difference between content theories and process theories of motivation?

According to the chapter, what is the major implication for management from Murray's concept of latent needs?

McClelland described the 'two faces of power' to distinguish between different types of the need for power (nPow). What are they?

In the 'Ethics in Practice' box, CB Bhattacharya credits Unilever's high employee engagement rate of around 80 percent to what?

What is the highest level of need in Maslow's hierarchy, which is described as never being completely satisfied?

Which of these is considered a 'motivator' in Herzberg's theory?

What is 'avoidance learning' in the context of operant conditioning?

In equity theory, what are 'inputs'?

The chapter mentions two human tendencies that create feelings of inequity that are not based in reality. What is one of these tendencies?

What is the management technique, based on goal theory, that involves collaborative goal-setting and is mentioned as being quite effective when implemented consistently?

In the discussion on Recent Research on Motivation Theories, equity theory has been extended into the area of organizational justice. What is the difference between distributive justice and procedural justice?

Which content theory of motivation argues that there are two separate scales for satisfaction and dissatisfaction, meaning an employee can be both satisfied and dissatisfied at the same time?

Around the 1920s, behavioral scientists had identified approximately how many human needs, which prompted Henry A. Murray to condense the list?

A manager who provides no consequence at all following a worker's undesirable behavior is using which technique?

What is the primary reason that research suggests continuous reinforcement can be detrimental in the long run?

Which theory of motivation is considered the most comprehensive because it ties together concepts from other theories like needs, operant conditioning, and equity?

What is the term for an employee's understanding of their organizational role, including the goals they are expected to achieve and the process for achieving them?

In the Critical Thinking Case, the Census Bureau data for 2017 showed that e-commerce accounted for what percentage of all retail sales in the United States?

According to research by Locke mentioned in the chapter, setting goals in one area can sometimes lead to what negative consequence?

What is the relationship between performance, aspiration level, and job satisfaction, according to the chapter?

In the 'Catching the Entrepreneurial Spirit' box, Yasmine El-Mehairy, founder of Supermama.me, stated that her motivation was to do what?

Which of Maslow's five needs are compressed into Alderfer's 'Relatedness' category in ERG theory?

What is the simplest theory of motivation discussed in the chapter, which basically states that people will do things for which they are rewarded and avoid things for which they are punished?

Self-Determination Theory (SDT) specifies that tasks are intrinsically motivating when they satisfy at least one of which three higher-order needs?

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major characteristics of high-nAch (need for achievement) people described by McClelland?

In the Critical Thinking Case, Walmart invested how much in wages, benefits, and training over a two-year period according to its 2016 Global Responsibility Report?

What does the 'aspiration' component of Alderfer's ERG model note about growth needs?