Materials

In the context of a standard tensile test, what does the constant of proportionality E, which is the slope of the linear part of the stress-strain curve, represent?

What is the term for the capacity of a material to absorb energy within its elastic range, which is equal to the area under the stress-strain curve up to the elastic limit?

According to the Unified Numbering System (UNS) for steels, what does the designation G10400 indicate?

Which manufacturing process is described as a basic, low-cost method suitable for large quantities with practically no limit to size, shape, or complexity, but is the most difficult for steel due to its high melting temperature?

What is the primary purpose of the heat treatment process known as tempering on a fully hardened steel specimen?

An annealed AISI 1018 steel with an ultimate strength (Su) of 49.5 kpsi, a yield strength (Sy) of 32.0 kpsi, and a strain-strengthening coefficient (sigma_0) of 90 kpsi is given 15 percent cold work. What is the new yield strength (S'y)? The strain-strengthening exponent (m) is 0.25.

What is the primary effect of adding chromium as an alloying element to steel?

In the context of material properties, what is the Bauschinger effect?

Using the approximate relationship for steels, what is the estimated ultimate strength (Su) in kpsi for a steel with a Brinell hardness (HB) of 300?

What is the key difference between thermoplastics and thermosets?

What happens to the engineering stress-strain curve for a ductile material after the ultimate strength point (point u) is reached?

For a material that exhibits an engineering stress-strain curve with a peak at the ultimate strength, the strain-strengthening exponent (m) is equal to what value?

What is the ASTM numbering system for cast iron based on?

Which type of cast iron contains graphite in the form of spheroids, has a high modulus of elasticity, and exhibits ductile properties in its as-cast condition?

What is the primary characteristic of aluminum and its alloys that gives them a high strength-to-weight ratio compared to steel?

A material has a yield strength (Sy) of 50 kpsi and a Young's modulus (E) of 20 Mpsi. What is its approximate modulus of resilience (uR)?

What is the primary reason that cold working (such as cold drawing) increases the yield strength of a steel bar?

Which of the following nonferrous metals is the lightest of all commercial metals, with a density about two-thirds that of aluminum, but has a yield point that is significantly reduced at the temperature of boiling water?

In material selection using Ashby charts, what does the material index M = E^(1/2)/ρ represent when designing for a light, stiff, end-loaded cantilever beam?

What is the purpose of the heat-treating process known as normalizing for steel parts?

Which copper-base alloy is particularly noted for its resistance to fatigue and corrosion, high tensile strength, and high capacity to absorb energy, making it very useful as a spring material?

What is the defining characteristic of composite materials compared to metallic alloys?

A gray cast iron part has a Brinell hardness number (HB) of 220. Using the minimum strength relationship defined by the ASTM, estimate its ultimate strength (Su) in kpsi.

What does the 'cold-work factor W' represent as defined in Section 2-3?

Which of the following processes involves heating a metal above its recrystallization temperature before working it?

What is the primary advantage of using a powder-metallurgy process for manufacturing parts?

What does a material's 'modulus of toughness' represent?

In the UNS designation for aluminum alloys, what does the prefix 'A9' signify?

What is the ductile-brittle transition temperature, as observed in a Charpy impact test?

For a material that has undergone cyclic loading, what is a stable cyclic hysteresis loop?

An annealed AISI 1018 steel has an ultimate strength (Su) of 49.5 kpsi. If it is given 25 percent cold work, what is the new ultimate strength (S'u)?

Which alloying element, when added to steel, is most effective in producing desirable oil-hardening and air-hardening properties due to its effect of substantially lowering the transformation point?

What is the key structural difference between gray cast iron and malleable cast iron?

What is the approximate modulus of elasticity for aluminum alloys?

Which of these processes is NOT considered a hot-working process?

What is the equivalent true strain (ε̃) for a material that has undergone 30 percent cold work (W)?

How is the true stress (σ̃) related to the engineering stress (σ) and engineering strain (ε) up to the point of necking?

What is the primary characteristic of a stable cyclic stress-strain curve for a cyclic softening material like 2024-T4 aluminum?

To ensure a certain cast iron part always meets or exceeds ASTM No. 25 specifications, which requires a minimum ultimate strength of 25 kpsi, what is the minimum Brinell hardness (HB) that should be specified?

Iron-base alloys containing at least what percentage of chromium are called stainless steels?

What is yield strength (Sy) often defined by when a material does not have an obvious yield point on its stress-strain diagram?

According to Section 2-3, what is the new ultimate strength (S'u) of a material with an original ultimate strength (Su) after it has undergone a cold-work factor of W?

Which statement accurately describes the properties of chromium-nickel stainless steels?

What is the primary purpose of adding lead to brass alloys?

What is the term for the continuous deformation of a material under a constant load over long periods, especially at elevated temperatures?

What is a major disadvantage of the powder metallurgy process?

What is the relationship between true strain (ε̃) and engineering strain (ε) up to the ultimate tensile strength?

In the Ramberg-Osgood relationship, ε̃ = (σ̃/E) + (σ̃/σ0)^(1/m), what does the term (σ̃/E) represent?

For a steel with a yield strength of 80 kpsi and an ultimate strength of 100 kpsi, what is its approximate modulus of toughness (uT) if the strain at fracture (εf) is 0.15?

Why is it generally not necessary to apply a stress-concentration factor for a ductile material under static loading?