Shafts and Shaft Components

What is the primary functional difference between a shaft and an axle as defined in the context of mechanical design?

According to the text, why is deflection in a shaft not typically controlled by material selection among different steels?

What is the primary purpose of using shoulders on a shaft?

Why is it generally recommended to use only one bearing to carry the axial (thrust) load on a shaft?

A rotating shaft is subject to a constant bending moment. What kind of stress does a specific stress element on the outer surface of this shaft experience?

What are the two terms, represented by A and B, that are first established to simplify the various DE-criterion equations for shaft design?

In a rotating shaft with a constant bending moment of 1260 lbf·in and a steady torsion of 1100 lbf·in, the fatigue stress-concentration factors are Kf = 1.58 and Kfs = 1.37. What is the value of the combined alternating stress component, A, as defined in Equation (7-6)?

For a first design iteration of a shaft with a shoulder fillet, when dimensions are unknown, what is a reasonable estimate for the stress-concentration factor Kt for bending, assuming a sharp fillet (r/d = 0.02) and a typical D/d ratio of 1.5?

What is the typical maximum allowable transverse deflection for a spur gear with a diametral pitch P between 20 and 50 teeth/in?

If a deflection analysis of a shaft shows that the slope at a bearing is 0.001095 rad, but the allowable slope is only 0.0005 rad, and the current diameter is 1.0 inch, what should the new diameter be to meet the requirement?

What is the phenomenon known as 'critical speed' in a rotating shaft?

Rayleigh's method, given by the equation ω1 = sqrt(g * Σ(wi*yi) / Σ(wi*yi^2)), is used to estimate the first critical speed of a shaft. What do the variables wi and yi represent?

What does Dunkerley's equation approximate?

Which common torque-transfer element is described as being 'essentially stubby gear teeth formed on the outside of the shaft' and is typically used for high torques?

What is the primary advantage of a Woodruff key, as described in Section 7-7?

Why are retaining rings, when used in locations with high bending stress, a cause for concern?

In the standard for limits and fits, what does the term 'hole basis' signify?

For a sliding fit with a basic size of 32 mm, the ISO symbol for the hole is 32H7. What does the 'H' represent and what does the '7' represent?

What is the pressure 'p' generated at the interface of an interference fit a function of?

When calculating the torque capacity of an interference fit, what value of interference should be used to determine the minimum pressure for a worst-case design scenario?

What is the recommended material choice for shafts in low-production scenarios where turning is the primary shaping process?

When are axial stresses on shafts, induced by helical gears or tapered roller bearings, typically considered negligible?

A shaft with a diameter of 1.625 inches is made of 1020 CD steel with an ultimate strength of 68 kpsi. Using the simplified DE-Goodman criterion where Mm=Ta=0, and given a design factor n=1.5, Kf=1.7, Kfs=1.5, Ma=3651 lbf·in, Tm=3240 lbf·in, and Se=24.5 kpsi, what is the required diameter 'd' based on the initial estimate?

What is the estimated torsional stress-concentration factor (Kts) for an end-milled keyseat with a typical radius-to-diameter ratio of r/d = 0.02, used for a first design iteration?

If a shaft has two attachments with individual critical speeds of ω11 = 231.4 rad/s and ω22 = 140.9 rad/s, what is the approximate first critical speed (ω1) of the combined system using Dunkerley's equation?

How can the effect of the shaft's own mass be included in the calculation for the first critical speed using a modified Dunkerley's equation?

A standard 1/4-inch socket setscrew with a cup-point is used to secure a hub to a steel shaft. What is the typical holding power (force) that can be expected from this setscrew?

For a medium drive fit (H7/s6) with a basic hole size of 2 inches, what are the minimum and maximum allowable diameters for the shaft, given a fundamental deviation δF = 0.0017 in and an IT6 tolerance Δd = 0.0006 in?

What is the key difference in assembly and disassembly considerations between a shaft using shoulders to locate components versus one using retaining rings or sleeves?

For a solid round shaft with diameter d, subjected to a mean bending moment Mm and a fatigue stress-concentration factor Kf, what is the equation for the mean bending stress σm?

What is the yielding factor of safety (ny) for a shaft based on the von Mises maximum stress?

In Example 7-1, a machined shaft of 105 kpsi ultimate strength has a calculated surface factor, ka, of 0.729. If the material were instead hot-rolled, with the same Sut, what would be the new estimated surface factor?

Which common means of torque transmission allows for large axial motion between the shaft and component while still transmitting torque?

What is the purpose of using a relief groove, as shown in Figure 7-9, at a shaft shoulder?

For the shaft in Example 7-2, the total bending moment at point I is 3651 lbf·in and the torque is 3240 lbf·in. The diameter is 1.625 in, Kf = 1.49, and Kfs = 1.30. What is the alternating von Mises stress, σ'_a?

Why must hot-rolled steel shafts generally be machined all over, while cold-drawn steel shafts may be left unmachined in some areas?

What is the typical value of the reliability factor, ke, for a reliability goal of 99 percent, according to the provided data?

In designing a shaft with an interference fit, how are the tangential and radial stresses at the interface combined for failure analysis?

What is the small end diameter 'd' of a standard taper pin of length L=2 inches, if the large end diameter is D=0.2513 inches?

For a loose running fit (H11/c11) with a basic size of 34 mm, what are the maximum and minimum diameters for the hole, given an IT11 tolerance grade of 0.160 mm?

What is the primary reason to prefer cold-drawn over hot-rolled steel for shaft diameters under 3 inches?

In the DE-SWT criterion for shaft design, Equation (7-14) is given as d = [16n/pi * (A^2 + AB)^(1/2) / Se]^(1/3). What does the term (A^2 + AB)^(1/2) represent?

A shaft with a 7/8-inch diameter is to be fitted with a square key. According to Table 7-6, what is the standard width 'w' and height 'h' for the key?

A shaft design requires a shoulder to support a bearing. The initial design results in a high stress concentration at the sharp fillet. Which of the following is NOT a recommended technique shown in Figure 7-9 to reduce this stress concentration?

What is the key difference between how a shaft with a constant bending moment and a shaft with a constant torque are treated in fatigue analysis?

When using a failure criterion like DE-Goodman for a shaft, what is the purpose of checking for yielding with a separate calculation like ny = Sy/σ'_max?

If a shaft design has a calculated diameter of 1.69 inches, and the designer chooses to use a standard size of 1.625 inches, what is the next step in the design process according to Example 7-2?

According to the analysis in Example 7-2, which location on the shaft was found to be more critical (having a lower factor of safety) than the shoulder at point I?

What is the torsional stiffness 'k' of a shaft composed of multiple segments in series, in terms of the stiffnesses of the individual segments (ki)?

For an interference fit between a steel shaft and a steel hub, which equation is used to find the interface pressure 'p'?