Attention and Consciousness

According to the framework of signal-detection theory (SDT), what is a 'miss'?

What did Colin Cherry's (1953) research on the 'cocktail party problem' primarily investigate?

In a visual search task, what distinguishes a 'conjunction search' from a 'feature search'?

What is the primary characteristic of Broadbent's (1958) early filter model of attention?

According to the study by Spelke, Hirst, and Neisser (1976) on divided attention, what was the outcome for participants who practiced reading short stories while writing down dictated words for 85 sessions?

What is the phenomenon of 'blindsight'?

In the Stroop effect, why is it difficult to name the ink color of a word when the ink color and the word itself are different (e.g., the word 'BLUE' printed in red ink)?

What is the key difference between a 'mistake' and a 'slip' according to the analysis by Reason (1990)?

What does Treisman's (1986) feature-integration theory propose about the process of object perception?

In the study on divided attention and driving by Strayer and Johnston (2001), which secondary task significantly increased the probability of missing a red signal?

What is 'spatial neglect' or 'hemineglect'?

What is the approximate percentage of children worldwide estimated to have ADHD, according to the chapter?

What phenomenon occurs when participants are instructed to count basketball passes and fail to notice a gorilla walking through the scene?

According to Posner's network model of attention, which subfunction is associated with being prepared to attend to an incoming event and maintaining that attention?

Which neurotransmitter is most involved in the 'executive attention' process, according to Posner's network model?

In a study on aging and visual search by Madden et al. (2002), how much slower were participants in the guided search condition compared to the feature search condition?

What is a defining characteristic of an 'automatic process' as described in the chapter?

The process by which a controlled task eventually becomes an automatic one as a result of practice is called what?

In studies of selective attention, what is 'dichotic presentation'?

What is the 'tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon'?

What does a 'capture error' entail, as described in the table of slips associated with automatic processes?

According to the study by Mackworth (1948), what was a key finding regarding vigilance?

What is the psychological refractory period (PRP) effect, also known as attentional blink?

What is the core idea of similarity theory as an alternative to feature-integration theory?

Capacity models of attention suggest that people have a fixed amount of attention they can allocate. What is the key difference between a single-pool model and a multiple-source model?

What is the primary symptom of the 'inattentive type' of ADHD?

Which of the following describes a 'data-driven error' in automatic processes?

What is priming?

In the 'dyad of triads' task used to study preconscious processing, what were participants able to do even when they could not consciously identify the unifying word for a coherent triad?

What finding from a study by Moray (1959) challenged Broadbent's early filter model?

Which brain structure plays a pivotal role in the recognition of emotional stimuli and is particularly involved in vigilance, according to the chapter?

In Treisman's attenuation model, what happens to stimuli that do not possess the target properties?

According to the chapter, which two factors are considered in Logan's instance theory of automatization?

What is a 'forcing function' in the context of minimizing errors from slips?

According to the description of consciousness of mental processes, which view, held by Nisbett and Wilson, suggests that our access to our complex mental processes is not very good?

In the study where participants who were asked to identify objects after viewing them in appropriate versus inappropriate contexts (e.g., a loaf of bread after a kitchen scene), what was the outcome?

What is a characteristic of the practice effect on automatization, as shown in the negatively accelerated curve?

According to the chapter, a study on real-world car crashes in Virginia found that rubbernecking was responsible for what percentage of accidents?

What did Deutsch and Deutsch's (1963) late-filter model of attention propose?

What is the primary characteristic of controlled cognitive processes?

In the context of Signal Detection Theory, what is a 'false alarm'?

According to research described in the chapter, about one-third of people will switch their attention to an unattended message under what specific circumstance?

What is 'inattentional blindness'?

Which factor is NOT listed as influencing our ability to pay attention?

Ulric Neisser synthesized early and late-filter models by proposing two processes govern attention. What are these two processes?

What is the primary role of the thalamus in vigilance?

According to the chapter, what is a key reason that having a passenger in the car can be safer than talking on a cell phone while driving?

In the context of research on preconscious processing, what is a negative priming effect?

Which part of the brain is activated more significantly when a person is presented with letters than with digits, according to research mentioned in the chapter?

What is the defining characteristic of the global precedence effect?