Memory: Models and Research Methods

In the context of measuring memory, which task requires a person to produce a fact, word, or other item from memory, as seen in fill-in-the-blank tests?

According to the Atkinson and Shiffrin multistore model, what is the term for the memory store capable of holding a very large capacity of information for long periods, perhaps indefinitely?

In George Sperling's (1960) experiment on the iconic store, for how long was the array of letters and numbers flashed on the screen for participants to see?

What is the general immediate memory capacity for a wide range of items in the short-term store, according to the research by Miller (1956)?

What does the levels-of-processing (LOP) framework propose about memory?

In Alan Baddeley's model of working memory, which component is responsible for briefly holding visual images and spatial information?

What distinction did Endel Tulving (1972) propose for two kinds of explicit memory?

The case of the mnemonist 'S.', reported by Alexander Luria, showed a heavy reliance on which mnemonic technique, which was a result of the rare psychological phenomenon of synesthesia?

What is the defining characteristic of anterograde amnesia, as exemplified by the famous case of H.M.?

What are the two main features found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease that are not found in normal brains?

What type of recall task requires participants to recall items in the exact order in which they were presented?

In a study by Standing, Conezio, and Haber (1970), participants demonstrated recognition memory for close to how many pictures?

Which memory model is based on a network of interconnected neuron-like computational units (nodes) and explains the priming effect through spreading activation?

What phenomenon occurs when a person demonstrates extraordinarily keen memory ability, often based on using special enhancement techniques?

The case of H.M., who underwent brain surgery in 1953, is a classic example of which memory deficit?

What is the term for a memory task where participants receive a word fragment, like the first three letters of a word, and are asked to complete it with the first word that comes to mind?

According to the HERA (hemispheric encoding/retrieval asymmetry) model, which part of the brain shows greater activation for tasks requiring retrieval from semantic memory?

What concept explains why participants show very high levels of recall when asked to meaningfully relate words to themselves?

Which component of Baddeley's working memory model is considered a gating mechanism that decides what information to process and how to allocate cognitive resources?

What is retrograde amnesia?

In the partial-report procedure of Sperling's experiment, participants had available roughly how many of the 12 symbols if they were cued immediately after the display appeared?

What term refers to the very long-term storage of information, such as knowledge of a foreign language, which was studied by researcher Harry Bahrick?

What is the term for the phenomenon where it takes longer to rehearse and produce longer words, resulting in fewer of them being remembered compared to shorter words in a short-term memory task?

According to research on Alzheimer's disease, what is the approximate incidence of disease onset for people between 80 and 85 years of age?

What is the key difference between explicit memory and implicit memory?

In the levels-of-processing framework, which type of processing is considered the deepest and leads to the highest level of recall?

What are hypothetical constructs in the context of psychological models like the Atkinson-Shiffrin model?

What is the primary function of the phonological loop in Baddeley's model of working memory?

What type of amnesia do we all experience, referring to the inability to recall events that happened when we were very young?

In the study of memory, what does a 'double dissociation' provide strong support for?

What procedural memory task requires participants to maintain contact between an L-shaped stylus and a small, spinning disk?

The memory of a personally experienced event, such as what you ate for lunch yesterday, is an example of which type of memory, according to Tulving?

In Averbach and Coriell's (1961) refinement of Sperling's work, what was the effect of presenting a stimulus (a mask) in the same location as a target letter within 100 milliseconds?

What type of knowledge, as distinguished from declarative knowledge, refers to knowledge of procedures that can be implemented, such as tying your shoelaces?

The case of mnemonist 'S.F.' showed that an average college student could increase his memory for digits from about seven to about eighty after extensive practice using what strategy?

In the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, information is typically stored in the short-term store in what form?

What is the process of producing retrieval of memories that would seem to have been forgotten, sometimes referred to as 'unforgetting'?

According to research on amnesic patients, which type of memory is typically impaired, and which is typically not impaired?

In studies of the phonological loop, repeating a number like 'five' to oneself while trying to memorize a list of words is a technique used to induce what phenomenon?

Which memory task involves participants being shown a list of paired items and then being given one item from a pair to recall its mate?

What is the primary characteristic of early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease?

According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, which store is the initial repository of information that eventually enters short-term and long-term stores?

Studies on amnesia show that patients can demonstrate improvement on tasks requiring procedural knowledge, such as mirror tracing, while performing poorly on tasks of declarative knowledge. What does this suggest?

What did Wilder Penfield find when he electrically stimulated the brains of conscious epilepsy patients during surgery?

How long does material typically remain in the short-term store unless it is rehearsed, according to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model?

A study on working memory showed that participants could hold roughly how many visual objects in memory, regardless of whether the objects had one or multiple features (e.g., color and orientation)?

In the context of the levels-of-processing framework, which example question would encourage phonological processing of the word 'TABLE'?

What is the phenomenon of 'synesthesia' as experienced by the mnemonist S.?

According to the textbook, in which lobes of the brain is the phonological loop thought to be primarily located?

What is the key assumption of the process-dissociation model proposed by Jacoby?