Human Intelligence

What are the two common themes that run through the definitions of intelligence proposed by many experts, as identified in 1921 and again 65 years later?

According to Francis Galton's historical approach, intelligence is primarily a function of what type of abilities?

What formula did William Stern suggest in 1912 for calculating the intelligence quotient (IQ)?

In Charles Spearman's theory of intelligence, what are the two kinds of factors that explain performance on mental ability tests?

According to Louis Thurstone's theory, how many primary mental abilities constitute the core of intelligence?

What is the key difference between fluid ability and crystallized ability as proposed by Raymond Cattell?

In John Carroll's three-stratum model of intelligence, which stratum represents a single general intelligence, similar to Spearman's 'g' factor?

What is inspection time, as operationally defined by Nettelbeck in his experimental paradigm?

In Robert Sternberg's componential theory, what is the function of metacomponents?

What is the parietal-frontal integration theory (P-FIT) of intelligence?

In the cross-cultural study by Michael Cole involving adult members of the Kpelle tribe in Africa, how did they initially sort conceptual terms, and what was considered the more intelligent way of sorting in Western culture?

Which of the following is NOT one of the eight intelligences proposed by Howard Gardner in his theory of multiple intelligences?

According to Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of human intelligence, intelligence is composed of three aspects that deal with the relation of intelligence to what three things?

What was the key finding of the study by Blackwell, Trzesniewski, and Dweck regarding junior high school students and their beliefs about intelligence?

What is the primary purpose of the Turing Test, as devised by Alan Turing?

What is the core argument of John Searle's 'Chinese Room' problem against the idea of strong artificial intelligence?

How is 'emotional intelligence' defined in the text?

What is the main finding regarding the developmental trajectories of fluid and crystallized intelligence in adulthood?

According to Alfred Binet, what are the three distinct elements of intelligent thought?

What is the primary statistical method that researchers like Spearman, Thurstone, and Carroll used to investigate the structure of intelligence?

What does a 'culture-fair' test of intelligence aim to be?

In the study by Hunt (1978) using a letter-matching task, what did the results indicate about lexical-access speed?

What is the main finding from studies on componential analysis regarding the time allocation of more intelligent participants during problem solving?

Which of the following is one of the eight 'signs' Howard Gardner used as criteria for identifying a discrete kind of intelligence?

What is the concept of 'reaction range' in the context of intelligence and genetics?

What is the definition of 'cultural intelligence, or CQ' provided in the text?

Which of the following is NOT one of the seven primary mental abilities identified by Louis Thurstone?

What was the main finding of the Abecedarian Project regarding the long-term effects of its early childhood intervention?

According to the discussion of Sternberg's Triarchic Theory, how can people use the function of 'shaping' in a real-world context like college?

What is a key factor that appears to drive the increases in glucose metabolism in the brains of smarter individuals during cognitive tasks, according to research by Larson et al.?

What is the primary argument of contextualism in the study of intelligence?

According to the discussion on aging and intelligence, which of the following cognitive abilities shows little or no intellectual decline in older adults?

How did Henry Goddard, a leading researcher in the early 20th century, characterize 79 percent of immigrant Italians based on his intelligence tests?

What is the defining characteristic of savants, as discussed in relation to Gardner's theory?

In the Rainbow Project described by Sternberg, what was the effect of adding creative and practical assessments to the SAT?

According to the chapter, what has research on the heritability of intelligence revealed about its change with age?

What does a 'deviation IQ' represent?

The information-processing theory of lexical-access speed measures the speed with which we can retrieve information about what?

According to the study by Ian Deary's lab, what percentage of the variance in general cognitive ability in older people is accounted for by the integrity of the brain's white matter?

In the context of adult development, which statement accurately reflects the psychological definition of wisdom as described by Baltes and colleagues?

The 'BITCH Test' (Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity) developed by Robert L. Williams was designed to demonstrate what about intelligence tests?

Research by Ceci & Bronfenbrenner on context effects found that 14-year-old boys performed poorly on a task when it was framed as a cupcake-baking task but performed well when it was framed as what?

What does research on working memory suggest about its relationship with general intelligence?

According to Ackerman's integrative approach, which of the following is NOT one of the four sources of individual differences in intelligence?

What does the text conclude about the relationship between brain size and intelligence across different species?

What is the circularity problem with defining intelligence as 'whatever it is that the tests measure'?

Which historical figure set out to measure intelligence as a function of the ability to learn within an academic setting, viewing judgment as the key component?

In the comparison between the Stanford-Binet and Wechsler scales, what is a key difference in the scoring system of the more recent Wechsler adult scales (WAIS-IV)?

What is the main reason that long-term retention of new information is preserved in older participants, despite slower processing speed?

In the context of artificial intelligence, what is the goal of a program aiming for 'maximum AI' as opposed to a program simulating human intelligence?