Introducing Psychology

What is the term for the tendency to believe, after learning about an outcome, that one would have been able to predict it beforehand?

In the study on unconscious preferences for tea names reported in the Journal of Consumer Research, what percentage of participants chose the tea that included the first three letters of their own name?

Which level of explanation in psychology is most closely tied to biological influences like genes, neurons, and hormones?

The concept that behavior is produced by many factors, which may occur at different levels of explanation, is known as what?

Which school of psychology used the method of introspection to identify the basic elements of psychological experience?

Who were the primary figures associated with the school of Behaviorism?

The question of whether genes or environment are more influential in determining individual behavior is known as the what debate?

According to the text, what is the approximate heritability of intelligence?

Which early philosopher argued that certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn, taking the 'nature' side of the debate?

The school of functionalism was heavily influenced by the theory of natural selection proposed by which scientist?

What is the term for the branch of psychology that applies the Darwinian theory of natural selection to human and animal behavior?

In the context of evolutionary psychology, what does the term 'fitness' refer to?

Which school of psychology is most associated with the work of Sigmund Freud and focuses on unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories?

Behaviorism is based on the premise that it is not possible to objectively study what?

In the study where neuroscientists predicted a participant's button press, how long before the participant was aware of their decision could the researchers detect predictive brain activation?

What field of psychology studies mental processes, including perception, thinking, memory, and judgment?

What are social norms, according to the social-cultural approach to psychology?

Western cultures are described as being primarily oriented toward what concept, which values the self and independence?

Which career path in psychology focuses on the assessment, diagnosis, causes, and treatment of mental disorders?

The learning principle where studying material in several shorter periods over time is more effective than one long period is known as the?

What is the term for our ability to adequately assess our own knowledge?

Which statement best describes the difference between facts and values in the context of scientific research?

Sir Frederic Bartlett's research, where participants had difficulty recalling unusual stories exactly, was used to hypothesize what about memory?

The use of neuroimaging techniques like fMRI has given more life to which modern school of psychology?

What did the first research psychologists, Wilhelm Wundt and William James, have in common that distinguished them from earlier philosophers?

Which psychological perspective is primarily concerned with how social situations and cultures influence thinking and behavior?

Edward Titchener, a student of Wundt, and his students claimed to have identified more than how many sensations through introspection?

One of the key limitations of structuralism discovered by the structuralists themselves was that highly trained participants could not accurately report on what?

The 'black box' is a metaphor used by which school of psychology to describe the human mind?

Which psychological principle is demonstrated by William James's statement, 'My thinking is first and last and always for the sake of my doing'?

The research on 'Little Albert' by John B. Watson, where a child was conditioned to fear a white rat, is a classic example from which school of psychology?

What is the primary focus of Biopsychology and neuroscience as a career path?

What does the 'self-reference effect' suggest is the best way to learn information?

Why do psychologists rely on empirical methods?

What is the highest level of explanation in psychology concerned with?

The term for variations among people on physical or psychological dimensions, such as intelligence or anxiety, is known as what?

What did René Descartes believe was the role of the pineal gland?

What was the primary goal of Wilhelm Wundt's school of structuralism?

The psychodynamic process of helping a patient remember unconscious drives through talk therapy and dream analysis is called what?

In addition to Sigmund Freud, who is NOT listed in the text as an influential psychologist who extended his ideas?

What is the core argument of behaviorists regarding free will?

The analogy between the brain and the computer provided impetus for which new school of psychology in the 1960s?

What is the primary difference identified in the text between social norms in Western cultures and East Asian cultures?

Which subdiscipline of psychology would be most likely to study how to design equipment to improve employee performance and reduce accidents?

Psychology is defined as the scientific study of what?

What is the primary message of the study where students were told that 'opposites attract' versus 'birds of a feather flock together'?

When studying depression, investigating how chemicals in the brain influence the experience of depression corresponds to which level of explanation?

Aristotle's belief that each child is born as a 'tabula rasa' aligns with which side of a major psychological debate?

What is the primary contribution of structuralism to the science of psychology, according to the text?

What does the text identify as a significant problem with testing evolutionary psychology theories?