Psychology in Our Social Lives

What is the term for the tendency to attribute personality characteristics to people based on their external appearance or their social group memberships?

According to the text, which of the following is an outcome of a self-fulfilling prophecy?

In the Ambady and Rosenthal (1993) study on forming judgments from brief observations, how many 10-second video clips of each teacher were shown to the undergraduate raters?

What is the principle of mere exposure, as it relates to interpersonal attraction?

What is the common tendency to overestimate the role of personal factors and overlook the impact of situations when judging the behavior of others known as?

What is the term for the discomfort we experience when we choose to behave in ways that we see as inappropriate or that contradict our own moral principles?

Which persuasion technique involves first persuading a person to accept a minor request and then asking for a larger one after that?

What is the principle of reciprocal altruism?

In the 2006 study by Smith et al. on altruism in television, what percentage of TV shows were found to feature some altruistic behavior?

In the Latané and Darley model of helping, what phenomenon occurs when we assume that others will take action and therefore we do not take action ourselves?

Which part of the brain is identified as a primary control center for aggression, being particularly activated in response to threatening stimuli?

What does the text conclude about the concept of catharsis, the idea that engaging in less harmful aggressive actions reduces the tendency to aggress later?

The tendency over time to show weaker emotional responses to emotional stimuli, such as violence, is known as what?

What is the social norm that condones and even encourages responding to insults with aggression, particularly to defend one's reputation?

In Solomon Asch's line-matching studies on conformity, approximately what percentage of the male participants gave at least one incorrect, conforming response?

In Stanley Milgram's classic obedience experiments, what percentage of participants continued to administer shocks up to the 450-volt maximum?

What is the phenomenon where a smaller number of individuals is able to influence the opinions or behaviors of a larger group?

A strong emotional reaction that leads people to resist pressures to conform, especially when they feel their freedom is threatened, is known as what?

The tendency to perform tasks more poorly or more slowly in the presence of others is known as what?

According to Robert Zajonc's drive-arousal model, what is the key psychological state that explains both social facilitation and social inhibition?

In Ringelmann's early experiments on group process loss, a group of eight men pulling on a rope performed at only what percentage of their expected capability?

What is the phenomenon where a group of competent members, due to a flawed group process and strong conformity pressures, ends up making a poor decision?

Which of the following is listed in the text as an antecedent condition that makes groupthink more likely to occur?

What is the term for the tendency of group members to overvalue the productivity of the groups they work in?

To improve group performance, what does the text suggest is the most effective size for a working group?

Which three characteristics are mentioned as being cross-culturally consistent determinants of perceived physical attractiveness?

What is the term for negative behaviors directed toward others based on prejudice?

The Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale, which uses overlapping circles, is designed to measure what aspect of a relationship?

What is the term for judging the causes of our own behaviors in overly positive ways, such as attributing success to personal factors and failure to situational factors?

Which social norm tells us that we should try to help others who need assistance, even without any expectation of future payback?

In the Latané and Darley (1968) smoke-filled room experiment, what percentage of participants who were working alone reported the smoke within 4 minutes?

Which brain structure serves as a control center on aggression, where higher activation allows for more control over aggressive impulses?

What did research by Griffit and Veitch (1971) find about the effect of high temperature on aggression?

Conformity that is based on the desire to be liked by others is known as what?

Conformity that occurs because we believe that other people have accurate information and we want to have that knowledge is known as what?

In Milgram's obedience research, conformity was significantly reduced under which of these conditions?

In the study by Strube, Miles, and Finch (1981) on social facilitation, under what condition did the presence of spectators increase joggers' speed?

A group process loss that occurs when people do not work as hard in a group as they do when they are working alone is called?

Which of the following is a documented symptom of groupthink, as listed in the text?

In the 6-member mock jury study by Stasser, Kerr, and Bray (1982), what was the most frequent outcome when the initial split of opinion was 3-3?

In the study by Elliot Aronson and Judson Mills (1959), why did female students who underwent a severe, embarrassing initiation report liking a boring group discussion more?

In the 'culture of honor' field experiment by Cohen and Nisbett (1997), how did employers from the South and West respond to a job applicant who admitted to killing a man in an affair-related conflict?

What is the primary characteristic of relationships that Margaret Clark and Edward Lemay (2010) argue is most important for happiness and stability?

Which of these is NOT listed as a factor that can be used to improve group performance?

In the context of causal attribution, when is it easiest to make a personal attribution about someone's behavior?

What type of individuals are more likely to change their behaviors to match the social situation and thus may not always act on their personal attitudes?

What is the process of using our own behavior as a guide to help us determine our own thoughts and feelings called?

In the Latané and Darley model of helping, what is the final step required for a bystander to intervene in an emergency?

According to the text, the tendency to perform tasks better or faster in the presence of others is known as what?

What is the term for a group process gain?